GEOG 1010 EXAM NOTES CARLETON UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
8 views 0 purchase
Course
GEOG 1010
Institution
Carleton University (CU
)
The mass of ice that flows under its own weight and forms when snowfall exceeds snow melt over long periods of time. Occupies ~11% of Earth's land area today. - Glacier
1. Powerful agent of geomorphic change.
2. Source of freshwater - ~77% of all freshwater are locked in glaciers.
3. Release n...
GEOG 1010 EXAM NOTES CARLETON
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024
The mass of ice that flows under its own weight and forms when snowfall exceeds
snow melt over long periods of time. Occupies ~11% of Earth's land area today. -
Glacier
1. Powerful agent of geomorphic change.
2. Source of freshwater - ~77% of all freshwater are locked in glaciers.
3. Release nutrients locked up in rocks.
4. Contributes to change in sea level. - Environmental significance of glaciers
Related to water volume and ice volume. - Eustatic sea-level
Related to land 'position.' - Isostatic sea-level
Snow/ice transformed under pressure, first-year snow lots of air snow is compacted
freeze/thaw makes it denser firn , recrystallization eventually forms dense glacial
ice . - Formation of Glacial ice
Balance of input (snow, rime) to output (ice, meltwater, water vapour. - Mass
balance
Where winter snow survived the summer melt.
When accumulation > ablation, glacier advances.
When ablation> accumulation, glacier retreats. - Equilibrium line or "firn line"
Not confined by topography, generally low slope and usually big, flow is not
governed by topography. - Continental Glacier
Large continuous ice masses covering a larger part of a continent and ice KM thick
(Antarctica ~4000m: Greenland ~3200m).
Movement is limited, occurring mainly in local areas or very slowly over time.
Pleistocene continental ice sheets shaped the physical landscape of Canada,
Created landforms from erosion and deposition, Laurentide Ice sheet and
Fennoscandian
, Ice sheet. Is a dome-shaped. - Ice sheet
Floats on water, attached to land-based ice.
E.g. ross ice shelf, Antarctic. - Ice shelf
< 50,000 km
e.g. barnes ice cap on Baffin island.
Same as ice sheet but smaller, Is a dome-shaped. - Ice cap
Confined by topography, generally steep slope, usually small, slow is governed by
topography. - Mountain/alpine glaciers
1. Cirque glacier: circle shape.
2. Valley glacier: elongated.
3. Piedmont glacier: spreads out into a fan.
4. Ice-field: occupies topography basins, constrained by topography, feed
interconnect valley glaciers. - Types of mountain/alpine glaciers
A rocky peak, protruding above ice field. Important refuge for plants and animals
during glacial times. - Nunatak
Each layer slides on internal planes, laminar flow. - Internal deformation
Slipping shifts the whole mass as a unit, slides en masses along bottom. - Basal
slipping
Incorporated rock debris into basal ice, melting on top of rock now: refreezing
behind rock knob. - Ice regelation
Velocity greatest at the top, lowest at the base. - Velocity profile of glacier with
depth
Velocity greatest down the middle, slowest at sides. - Velocity profile across
glacier
Increases with ice thickness, ice slope, and water content. The typical rate is 1-2m
per day. - Speed of glacial movement
Is faster than normal glacial movement. E.g Surge on Jakobshavn Glacier,
Greenland is 7-12 km/yr. - Surge
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PossibleA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
