SCSC 311 Test 2 Peanut
Peanut center of diversity - ANS-boundary area of Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Earliest archaeological evidence of peanut - ANS-Casma Valley of Peru, 1800-1200
B.C.
How many species of Arachis are found in South America? - ANS-28
Legume characteristics - ANS-serves as host for host for Rhizobium bacteria
provides CHO for bacterium growth for nitrate production from atmospheric N
Special nitrogen instructions for peanuts in the High Plains - ANS-add N in southern
high plains and inoculate seed with rhizobium if never planted to peanut before
First European peanut encounter - ANS-Bartolome Las Cases in 1500s
Common names for peanut - ANS-groundnut, earth nut, monkey not, goober, pinder,
pinda, Manilla nut
Why did the peanut move from center of origin? - ANS-trade among Amerindians
Who spread the peanut around the world? - ANS-Pedro Alvares Calval
Peanut introduced to the United States - ANS-1707-1725
What was the first peanut introduced to the United States? - ANS-runner, full season
What were the names of the first peanut introduced to the United States? - ANS-African,
Wilmington, North Carolina, Georgia, or Southeastern runner
Four types of peanut - ANS-runner, virginia, spanish, valencia
runner - ANS-A. hypogaea var. hypogaea
runner
2 seeds
virginia - ANS-A. hypogaea var. hypogaea
runner
, 2 seeds
introduced after 1871
spanish - ANS-A. hypogaea var. vulgaris
bunch
2-3 seeds
valencia - ANS-A. hypogaea var. fastigiata
bunch
3-6 seeds
runner growth habit - ANS-no flowers and pegs initiating above the primary lateral but
horizontally
"flatter and wider"
Peg - ANS-part of the ovary; becomes geotrophically neutral when it goes under the soil
and turns horizontal -- this is when the fruit develops
bunch growth habit - spanish - ANS-flowers and pegs initiating on fruiting limbs above
the primary lateral
fruit load reduces lateral spreading
"narrow and taller"
bunch growth habit - valencia - ANS-fruit emanating from fruiting limbs above primary
lateral
"narrow and taller"
valencia types grown in - ANS-NM and some TX
virginia types grown in - ANS-TX, NC, VA
spanish types grown in - ANS-TX, OK
runner types grown in - ANS-TX, OK, GA, AL, SC,FL
runner US production - ANS-73%
virginia US production - ANS-22%
spanish US production - ANS-4%
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