Exam 2: NUR2 063 / NUR 2 063 (Latest Update ) Essentials of Pathophysiology | Review Guide Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Rasmussen Question: What does PCOS increase the risk of? Answer: Obesity, diabetes, mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Question: What is the malformation of the esophagus called? Answer: Esophageal atresia Question: What is it called when the muscles in the lower esophagus fail to relax, not allowing food to pass? Answer: Achalasia Question: What are the risk factors of gastritis? Answer: Use of alcohol, NSAIDs, stress from severe burns or illness, chronic disease like autoimmune or immune deficiency. Question: What type of ulcer is associated with burns? Answer: Curling ulcers Question: What type of ulcer is associated with head injuries? Answer: Cushing ulcers Question: What are Curling and Cushing ulcers caused by, and what can they lead to? Answer: Caused by local ischemia, tissue acidosis, and decreased GI motility. They can lead quickly to hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, peritonitis, and gastric cancer. Question: What is the most common cause of cholelithiasis, and what can it lead to? Answer: The most common is cholesterol, which can cause obstructions, pain, and jaundice. Question: What can a buildup of bilirubin in the gallbladder be caused by? Answer: Chronic diseases that can cause hemolysis like Sickle Cell Anemia. Question: Who is more common to develop cholelithiasis? Answer: Fair skinned women and the Native American population. Question: What is Portal Hypertension? Answer: Rising pressure in the hepatic artery and portal vein because of constriction from scar tissue. Question: What causes varices, and where are they commonly found? Answer: Because of the engorgement of veins, they are common in the esophagus and stomach. Question: What is Ascites and why does it happen? Answer: Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity. It happens because of portal hypertension, which pushes fluid back into the abdominal cavity. Question: What happens to the liver during Ascites? Answer: The liver becomes damaged and cannot produce a sufficient amount of albumin.
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