Stem Cells - Lecture 5 and 6 Exam Study Guide With Verified Solutions.

Stem Cells - Lecture 5 and 6 Exam Study Guide With Verified Solutions. self-renew differentiation - answerWhat is a stem cell? A stem cell is a master cell that can _____________ to produce daughter cells that remain a stem cell or commit to a lineage pathway leading to ______________. unspecialized self-renewal differentiation stemness hematopoietic - answerStem Cells Stem cells are ______________, precursor cells that are capable of both ___________ and ______________ into more specialized cells. These properties are also referred to as "____________". These two defining characteristics Self-renewal (for long periods) Multi-lineage differentiation were first identified in precursor cells of the ______________ system phenotype symmetrically asymmetrically - answerStem Cell Self-renewal During a stem cell division, one or both daughter cells maintain the stem cell ___________. This process is called self-renewal. Stem cells can divide _______________ or _______________. polarity cytoplasm membrane centrosome spindle extrinsic - answerMechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division Three mechanisms (Stem cells: orange, differentiated cells: green): Asymmetric localization of cell __________ regulators (red) initiates asymmetric division Cell fate determinants (red) can be segregated to the ____________ of one daughter cell, as shown here, or they can be associated with the _____________, __________ or another cellular constituent that is differentially distributed to the daughters Regulated orientation of the mitotic ________ retains only one daughter in the stem cell niche (red), such that only that daughter cell has access to _________ signals necessary for maintaining stem-cell identity. morphology function phenotype genotype epigenetics - answerStem Cell Differentiation Differentiation is the complex process that leads to diversity in cell properties, which include: Cell ___________ and __________, The cell's ___________, which is often characterized by the physical appearance of the cell and the contents of its cytoplasm However, all cells that are differentiated from the same fertilized egg have the same ____________. The diversity in cell types/functions is due to the differential expression of those genes => _____________ progenitor differentiated - answerStem Cells to ____________ cells to ______________ cells pluripotent multipotent unipotent less - answerStem Cell Potency