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BIOL 1108 Final Questions & answers
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BIOL 1108 Final Questions & answers
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BIOL 1108 Finalopisthokont - ANS-opistho (posterior) kont (flagella)
- all members of this clade have flagellated cells (at some point)
- molecular data suggests that animals, fungi, and their protists ancestors (nucleariids
and choanoflagellates) form this clade
- member of unikonta supergroup
nucleariids - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > nucleariids
- aquatic protists most closely related to fungi
- unicellular, amoeboid protist with thread-like pseudopods for external digestion that act
as hyphae
chytrids - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > chytridiomycota
- aquatic fungi with a multicellular fruiting body and unicellular flagellated zoospores for
asexual reproduction
• only reproduce asexually!
- basal group of fungi
- no hyphae
- decomposers or parasitic
• #1 killer of frogs
mucoromycota - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > mucoromycota
- most are fast growing fruit, bread, and cheese molds
- some are decomposers or mutualists
• mycorrhizae
- non-septate hyphae (coenocytic)
- zygosporangium: sturdy structure formed through sexual reproduction
- sporangia = asexual reproduction
• 2 sporangia from different fungi form the zygosporangium
- sexual and asexual reproduction
ex: Rhizopus (bread mold)
Rhizopus - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > mucoromycota
, - bread mold
- undergoes sexual and asexual reproduction
ascomycota - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > ascomycota
- advancements: septate hyphae and complex multicellular fruiting body
- called "sac fungi" bc their sexual spores are borne internally in sacs called asci
• ascospores (sexual)
- also form asexual spores called conidia
- fruiting body is called the ascocarp
- decomposers, pathogens, and lichens
- largest/most common group of fungi!
- ex: Penicillium, Aspergillus, yeast
Penicillium - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > ascomycota
- used to make penicillin (antibiotic)
- branched conidia (asexual structure)
Aspergillus - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > ascomycota
- pathogenic mold
yeast - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > ascomycota
- unicellular fungi that reproduces asexually through budding
basidiomycota - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > basidiomycota
- advancements: septate hyphae and complex multicellular fruiting body
- basidiocarp is the fruiting body (mushroom)
- called "club fungi" bc sexual spores are borne externally on club-shaped structures
called basidia
• basidiospores (sexual)
- mycorrhizae, plant parasites, decomposers
- only sexual reproduction
zoopagomycetes - ANS-eukarya > unikonta > opisthokonts > fungi > zoopagomycota
- reproduce asexually and sexually w/ the same structures as mucoromycetes
• sporangia = asexual
• zygosporangia = sexual
- primarily known for being parasitic
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