Solutions for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 6th Edition Bauman (All Chapters included)
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Course
Microbiology
Institution
Microbiology
Complete Solutions Manual for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 6th Edition by Robert W. Bauman ; ISBN13: 9780135800010....(Full Chapters included Chapter 1 to 27)...1.A Brief History of Microbiology
2.The Chemistry of Microbiology
3.Cell Structure and Function
4.Microscopy, Staining, a...
Nichol Dolby, Ph.D.
AMARILLO COLLEGE
Tinchun Tina Chu, Ph.D.
SETON HALL UNIVERSITY
Daniel Brian Nichols, Ph.D.
SETON HALL UNIVERSITY
Jennifer Hatchel, Ph.D.
COLLEGE OF COASTAL GEORGIA
Microbiology with Diseases
by Taxonomy
SIXTH EDITION
Robert W. Bauman, Ph.D.
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** All Chapters included
,Instructor’s Manual Contents
CHAPTER 1 A Brief History of Microbiology 1
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Microbiology 13
CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function 26
CHAPTER 4 Microscopy, Staining, and Classification 45
CHAPTER 5 Microbial Metabolism 57
CHAPTER 6 Microbial Nutrition and Growth 73
CHAPTER 7 Microbial Genetics 87
CHAPTER 8 Recombinant DNA Technology 104
CHAPTER 9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment 115
CHAPTER 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs 128
CHAPTER 11 Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes 142
CHAPTER 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes 154
CHAPTER 13 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions 170
CHAPTER 14 Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology 184
CHAPTER 15 Innate Immunity 199
CHAPTER 16 Adaptive Immunity 211
CHAPTER 17 Immunization and Immune Testing 228
CHAPTER 18 Immune Disorders 241
CHAPTER 19 Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria 254
CHAPTER 20 Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli 275
CHAPTER 21 Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes and Vibrios 293
CHAPTER 22 Pathogenic Fungi 306
CHAPTER 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors 320
CHAPTER 24 Pathogenic DNA Viruses 337
CHAPTER 25 Pathogenic RNA Viruses 350
CHAPTER 26 Applied and Industrial Microbiology 370
CHAPTER 27 Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes 381
,CHAPTER
A Brief History of Microbiology
1
Chapter Outline
The Early Years of Microbiology (pp. 2–7)
What Does Life Really Look Like?
How Can Microbes Be Classified?
The Golden Age of Microbiology (pp. 7–18)
Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate?
What Causes Fermentation?
What Causes Disease?
How Can We Prevent Infection and Disease?
The Modern Age of Microbiology (pp. 18–22)
What Are the Basic Chemical Reactions of Life?
How Do Genes Work?
What Roles Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment?
How Do We Defend Against Disease?
What Will the Future Hold?
Chapter Summary
The Early Years of Microbiology (pp. 2–7)
The early years of microbiology brought the first observations of microbial life and the initial
efforts to organize them into logical classifications.
What Does Life Really Look Like?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), a Dutch tailor, made the first simple microscope in
order to examine the quality of cloth. The device was little more than a magnifying glass with
screws for manipulating the specimen, but it allowed him to begin the first rigorous examination
and documentation of the microbial world. He reported the existence of protozoa in 1674 and
later the observation of bacteria.
By the end of the 19th century, Leeuwenhoek’s “beasties” were called microorganisms.
Today, they are also known as microbes.
, How Can Microbes Be Classified?
During the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778), a Swedish botanist, developed a
taxonomic system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together.
Biologists still use a modification of Linnaeus’s taxonomy today.
All living organisms can be classified as either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Eukaryotes are
organisms whose cells contain a nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a distinct
membrane. Prokaryotes are unicellular microbes that lack a true nucleus. Within these
categories, microorganisms are further classified as follows:
• Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes whose cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan
(though some bacteria lack cell walls). Most are beneficial, but some cause disease.
• Archaea are prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan and instead are composed
of other polymers. Archaea were first recognized in extreme environments.
• Fungi are relatively large microscopic eukaryotes and include multicellular molds and
single-celled yeasts. These organisms obtain their food from other organisms and have
cell walls. All fungi reproduce asexually, and most also reproduce sexually.
• Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that are similar to animals in their nutritional needs
and cellular structure. Most are capable of locomotion, and some cause disease.
• Algae are plantlike eukaryotes that are photosynthetic; that is, they make their own food
from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight. The algae include
multicellular and unicellular organisms and are structurally simpler than plants.
• Viruses are microbes so small that they were hidden from microbiologists until the
invention of the electron microscope in 1932. All are acellular obligatory parasites.
• Microbiologists also study parasitic worms, which range in size from microscopic forms
to adult tapeworms several meters in length. Microscopes are important diagnostic tools
for the diseases caused by parasitic worms.
The Golden Age of Microbiology (pp. 7–18)
During what is now sometimes called the “Golden Age of Microbiology,” from the late 19th to
the early 20th century, microbiologists sought answers to several questions about the nature of
microbial life.
Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate?
The theory of spontaneous generation (or abiogenesis) proposes that living organisms can
arise from nonliving matter. It was proposed by Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and was widely
accepted for almost 2000 years, until experiments by Francesco Redi (1626–1697) challenged it.
In the 18th century, British scientist John T. Needham (1713–1781) conducted experiments
suggesting that perhaps spontaneous generation of microscopic life was indeed possible, but in
1799, Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) reported results that contradicted
Needham’s findings. The debate continued until experiments by French scientist Louis Pasteur
(1822–1895), using swan-necked flasks that remained free of microbes, disproved the theory
definitively.
The debate over spontaneous generation led in part to the development of a generalized
scientific method by which questions are answered through observations of the outcomes of
carefully controlled experiments. It consists of four steps:
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