TCDHA RAD FINAL
consumer-patient radiation health & safety act (US) - Answer- - Establishes guidelines for the proper maintenance of x-ray equipment
- Requires the individuals who take radiographs be properly trained and certified
state, county, & city laws - Answer- - Inspection of x-ray eq...
it is the responsibility of the dental professiona
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TCDHA RAD FINAL
TCDHA RAD FINAL
TCDHA RAD FINAL
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TCDHA RAD FINAL
consumer-patient radiation health & safety act (US) - Answer- - Establishes
guidelines for the proper maintenance of x-ray equipment
- Requires the individuals who take radiographs be properly trained and certified
state, county, & city laws - Answer- - Inspection of x-ray equipment is required on a
regular basis eg: every 5 years
- Only trained and certified persons are able to operate the x-ray equipment
risk management - Answer- policies and procedures that should be followed by the
radiographer to reduce the possibility that the client will file legal action against the
dentist or dental radiographer
It is the responsibility of the dental professional to - Answer- inform the client of
diagnostic procedures and proposed treatment
Eg: purpose and benefits, number and type of radiographs, risks associated with
radiation exposure
The client has the legal right to consent or refuse treatment
disclosure - Answer- The process of informing the client about exposing radiographs
It is important that the client receive ample information in order to
make choices regarding treatment
informed consent - Answer- Refers to consent given by a client following complete
disclosure
Informed consent must be obtained from all clients, and
documented!
A written consent form may be used
If informed consent is not obtained from a client before taking radiographs, a client
can legally claim malpractice or negligence
If the client is a minor (under 18), - Answer- informed consent must be obtained from
a parent/legal guardian.
lack of informed consent - Answer- 1) complete lack of consent from the client
2) consent obtained from a person who is not legally entitled to
give consent
3) consent obtained from a person taking drugs or alcohol
4) consent obtained by misrepresentation or fraudulence
5) consent obtained after incomplete disclosure
liability - Answer- According to state laws, dentists are legally accountable or liable to
supervise the performance of dental health professionals
The trend in dental negligence or malpractice actions has been to sue the dentist
No document can be signed that releases the dentist from liability
,malpractice - Answer- when the dental practitioner is negligent in the delivery of
dental care
- ie: treatment is below the standard of care
standard of care - Answer- The quality of care that is provided by the dental
practitioners in a similar locality under similar conditions
Negligence may result from the actions or inactions of the dental radiographer
Eg: Incorrect number of radiographs are exposed
Eg: Due to improper radiographic and processing techniques, the radiographs are
non-diagnostic
statute of limitations - Answer- The time period during which a client may bring a
malpractice action against the dental professional
Sometimes this is not disclosed until many years following dental negligence
It is not until a client seeks dental care from another dentist making the client aware
of previous dental treatment that may have been neglected
Eg: periodontitis (an irreversible condition) that could have been prevented while in
the gingivitis stages (a reversible condition)
Even though it is not life-threatening, the lack of diagnosis and treatment may have
resulted in significant harm to the client
Eg: loss of self-esteem
Eg: loss of income
Eg: emotional distress
client records - Answer- Complete dental records ensure continuity of client care and
provide legal documentation of client's condition
- Entries made in the dental record should never be erased; instead, they should be
crossed out and initialed
Client information including radiographs in the dental record is confidential
A client's care should not be discussed with another client or other staff members
who are not involved in the client's dental treatment
client records must include - Answer- a) informed consent
b) number & type of radiographs
c) rationale for exposing radiographs
d) diagnostic information
legally, dental radiographs are property of - Answer- the dentist
Client's, however, do have a right to access their radiographs
- ie: a copy of the radiographs can be duplicated to forward to another dentist
including a written consent
Dental records and dental radiographs should be retained indefinitely
periapical examination - Answer- - peri=around
Used to examine the entire tooth (both the crown, root and supporting structures
, In most offices, 8 posterior PA's and 6anteriorPA's (in periodontal dental practices, 8
anterior PA's )
New Rinn Flip-Ray PA Universal Film & Phosphor Plate Holders - Answer- -
Accommodates size 0, 1, and 2
- Allows for easy quadrant changes without having to change bite-blocks or aiming
rings
- Eliminate need for multiple positioning parts
rinn digital sensor loops - Answer- Achieve distortion free bitewing radiographs with
digital sensors
Lightweight
Easy to use
Ideal for Bitewings with a thin bite-tab for maximum anatomy capture
Disposable for optimum infection control
cephalometric radiograph - Answer- - An inspection used to examine large areas of
the skull or jaws
- Requires the use of an extraoral image receptor
- Receptor is placed outside the mouth
congruent triangle - Answer- identical and correspond exactly when superimposed
isometry - Answer- equality of measurement
long axis of the tooth - Answer- an imaginary line that divides the tooth longitudinally
into two equal halves
central ray - Answer- the central portion beam of x-radiation
bisecting-angle technique - Answer- aka bisection-of-the-angle technique, short-cone
technique
- based on a simple geometric principle known as the rule of isometry
- The image on the receptor will be equal to the length of the tooth when the central
ray is directed at 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector.
rule of isometry - Answer- 2 triangles are equal if they have 2 equal angles and
share a common side
stabe bite block - Answer- - 1x use only; disposable
- styrofoam device can be used to hold a receptor with the paralleling or bisecting
technique.
- For bisecting, the scored front section is removed, and the receptor is placed as
close to the teeth as possible
, bisecting xcp - Answer- - the biteblock support, against which the film will be aligned,
is not parallel with the ring; it is slightly angled to accommodate
the bisecting technique.
- This slight tilt of the film does little to make film placement more comfortable over
the
paralleling technique;
digital method - Answer- aka finger-holding method
The client's finger or thumb is used to stabilize the film
The finger is always placed behind the film
and teeth
thumb is used for maxilllary exposures
index finger is use for mandibular exposures
The client's left hand is used for exposures on the right side of the mouth, and right
hand for left
digital method disadvantages - Answer- Client's hand is in the path of the primary
beam which results in unnecessary radiation exposure
Client may use excessive force to stabilize the film which causes the film to bend
resulting in a distorted image
The film may slip from its position which results in an inadequate exposure of the
prescribed area
Since a film-holding device is not used, the image may result in a partial image or
cone-cut
for children with small mouths, size __ is used for PAs - Answer- 0
However, if the child's mouth is large enough to reasonably accommodate the larger
size films, and the child is cooperative, they should be used.
angulation - Answer- The alignment of the central ray of the x-ray beam in the
horizontal and vertical planes
bisecting vertical angulation - Answer-
foreshortening - Answer- the PID is too STEEP
- short image
- to correct: decrease PID angle
elongation - Answer- - PID is too FLAT
- long imagine
- to correct: increase PID angle
correct horizontal angulation - Answer- The central ray is directed perpendicular to
the curvature of the arch and through the contact areas of the teeth
bisecting technique receptor position - Answer- The occlusal end of the receptor
must extend 1/8 of an inch beyond the incisal surfaces
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