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A-Level History Stuarts Essay plan - Political Nation
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Essay plan for the question - 'How far was the Political Nation able to assert its influence over the crown '. Themed paragraphs, judgements and examples.
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How far was the Political Nation able to assert its influence over the crown in the years 1678 to1702
Financial
● Financial revolution 1690s - 1693 Million Loan Act, Bank of England 1694
● Total cost of war - £36 million 1688-97
● Land tax, window tax - landowners taxed
● Tacking - attaching money to bills parliament wanted passed (1694 Triennial Act)
● Civil list 1697 - taxpayer pays for monarchy, parliament control.
★ Crown rich 1681-1685 William was the richest monarch
★ 1681-1685 Charles II ruled without parliament - was good financially
★ Before the glorious revolution parliament did not have financial control of Crown
Power over foreign policy
● CII + JII pro France - 1688 big shift against france
● Wars with France 1689-1697
● 1960 Battle of Boyne - pacification of irish catholics
★ CII defeat exclusion partly with money from france
★ William has a lot of power of starting wars and leading fighting
Political control
● Triennial Act 1694 - Crown can’t dissolve parliament
● Parliament sits every year 1689 - onwards
● Party system - Whigs and Tories
● Bill of Rights 1689 - rights against absolutism - no more dispensing powers
● Glorious Revolution - Immortal seven - Social contract.
● 1701 Act of Settlement - ensures catholics cannot inherit the throne.
● William - no touching for the king’s evil - king doesn't believe in the principle of divine right.
★ William exploits the Party system - favours whig Junto at beginning, then Tories after treaty with
France (treaty of ryswick).
★ William vetos 5 bills - bills removing dutch advisers
★ Declaration of rights 1688 - watered down to the Bill of Rights - king keeps a lot of his prerogative.
★ Tories can claim ‘passive obedience’ and ‘vacated throne’ - James threw the royal seal into
thames.
★ Charles 2 defeats exclusion - defeats whigs and some tories that don't want catholic
★ Charles II ruled without parliament 1681-85
★ James II defeats Monmouth (and whigs) 1685 - big army.
Religious control
● Act of settlement 1701
● James II aliemnated the ruling class through his declaration of indulgences- 1688 Glorious
Revolution + Immortal seven
● 1689 Toleration act
● Latitudinarian - chilled out protestantism
● Test Acts 1678 - parliament stops charles from promoting catholics
● Defeat of irish catholics - 1690 Battle of Boyne
★ Dispensing Acts - Godden vs Hales 1685 (harles exempted hales a catholic judge from the test
act oaths)
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