accessory organs of the GI tract
Ans: liver
gallbladder
pancreas
liver
Ans: produces bile, which helps digest fat
uptake, storage, distribution of nutrients (glucose, lipids, proteins) and vitamins
synthesizes most of the plasma proteins
metabolizes and eliminates drugs and toxins
large...
HTHRHSC 5500 Exam 6 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+ accessory organs of the GI tract Ans: liver gallblad der pancreas liver Ans: produces bile, which helps digest fat uptake, storage, distribution of nutrients (glucose, lipids, proteins) and vitamins synthesizes most of the plasma proteins metabolizes and eliminates drugs and toxins largest organ, ~3 lbs gallbladder Ans: stores and concentrates bile (takes water out) releases bile when you eat fat pancreas Ans: exocrine fx: secretes digestive enzymes endocrine fx: regulates blood glucose blood supply to the liver Ans: hepatic artery: 300 mL/min hepatic portal vein: 1050 mL/min -from major abdominal organs and digestive tract -carries toxic material to the liver to be metabolized before draining into the IVC -blood from the portal veins: venous admixture --> supplies 60 -70% of the liver's O2 need s (other 30 -40 is arterial) -liver stores ~450 mL of blood portal system Ans: capillaries from one organ system connect directly to capillaries of another organ system liver sinusoids Ans: blood from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery mix in si nusoids sinusoids empty into central veins, which send blood to the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava thousands of sinusoids in each lobule empty into one vein bile canaliculi Ans: at the back of each hepatic cell, bile is released into bile canalicu li bile is carried to the bile duct and then to the gallbladder where it is stored physiologic functions of the liver Ans: metabolic functions -carbohydrate metabolism: stores glycogen and synthesizes glucose -fat metabolism: forms lipoproteins; conve rts carbs and proteins to fat; produces, recycles and eliminates cholesterol (cell walls); makes ketones from fatty acids (used for energy) -protein metabolism: breaks down proteins; makes plasma proteins and clotting factors; forms urea (from ammonia) bile formation Ans: bile --> mostly H2O, cholesterol, bile salts (released from gallbladder), fat bile salts (bile acid and sodium salts formed from cholesterol) emulsify dietary --> they are necessary for the breakdown of dietary fats and absorption of fat in the small intestine most of the bile salts get reabsorbed into the portal circulation and get recycled around 18 times before being eliminated in the feces fate of bilirubin Ans: -by product of Hb breakdown is bilirubin (most important bile pigment) -hemoglobin from old RBCs becomes unconjugated bilirubin in the spleen (not water -
soluble) -the liver transforms unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin (water -soluble) -too much unconjugated bilirubin in blood --> bulirubinemia --> jaundice cholestasis Ans: bile flow in the liver slows down or stops -caused by infection, inflammation or most commonly obstructive conditions of the liver, pancreas, or bile ducts (tumor, sarcoidosis, bile duct stones, etc.) -bile accumulates and forms plugs in the ducts cholestasis S/S
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