Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1
Endocrine, Blood, Cardiac & Vascular
What are the mechanisms of cell communications? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gap
junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrine (local) hormones, hormones (strict
definition)
What are paracrine (local) hormones? - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones
secreted into tissue fluids to affect nearby cells
What are hormones? - CORRECT ANSWER-chemical messengers that travel in
the bloodstream, stimulates response in another tissue or organ
What are target cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells that have RECEPTORS for
hormones
What do endocrine glands do? - CORRECT ANSWER-produce hormones
What does the endocrine system consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER-endocrine
organs (thyroid, pineal, etc); hormone producing cells in organs (brain, heart and
small intestine)
What do exocrine glands do? - CORRECT ANSWER-ducts carry secretion to a
surface or organ cavity; extracellular effects (ex. food digestion)
What do endocrine glands do? - CORRECT ANSWER-no ducts; release
hormones into tissue fluids, have dense capillary networks to distribute
hormones; intracellular effects, alter target cell metabolism
What are some examples of chemicals that function as both hormones and
neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER-NE, cholecystokinin,
thyrotropin-releasing hormone, dopamine, and ADH
,What are some hormones secreted by neuroendocrine cells (neurons)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Oxytocin and catecholamines (NE and epinephrine;
dopamine)
How do the nervous system and endocrine system regulate each other? -
CORRECT ANSWER-neurons trigger hormone secretion; hormones stimulate or
inhibit neurons
What is TRH? - CORRECT ANSWER-thyrotropin-releasing hormone
What is CRH? - CORRECT ANSWER-corticotropin-releasing hormone
What is GnRH? - CORRECT ANSWER-gonadotropin-releasing hormone
What is GHRH? - CORRECT ANSWER-growth hormone-releasing hormone
What is TSH? - CORRECT ANSWER-thyroid-stimulating hormone
What is PRL? - CORRECT ANSWER-prolactin
What is ACTH? - CORRECT ANSWER-adrenocorticotropic hormone
What is FSH? - CORRECT ANSWER-follicle-stimulating hormone
What is LH? - CORRECT ANSWER-luteinizing hormone
What is GH? - CORRECT ANSWER-growth hormone
What is PIH? - CORRECT ANSWER-prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine)
What hormones come from the posterior pituitary gland? - CORRECT
ANSWER-oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What are some of the hypothalamic hormones? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
What hormones come from the anterior pituitary gland? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone
What does ADH do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases water retention thus
reducing urine volume and prevents dehydration; also called vasopressin
because it can cause vasoconstriction
What does OT (oxytocin) do? - CORRECT ANSWER-surge of hormone released
during sexual arousal & orgasm (stimulate uterine contractions and propulsion of
semen); promotes feelings of sexual satisfaction and emotional bonding between
partners; stimulates labor contractions during childbirth; stimulates flow of milk
during lactation; promotes emotional bonding between lactating mother and
infant
What does GH (growth hormone) do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Induces liver to
produce growth stimulants; bone growth, thickening, remodeling influenced
especially during childhood and adolescence; secretion high during first two
hours of sleep; can peak in response to vigorous exercise; GH levels decline
gradually with age; average 6 ng/ml during adolescence and 1.5 ng/ml in old age
What do insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I) do? - CORRECT ANSWER-stimulate
target cells in diverse tissues; prolongs the action of GH; increase protein
synthesis; increase lipid metabolism; carbohydrate metabolism; electrolyte
balance
What is the pineal gland? - CORRECT ANSWER-attached to the roof of the third
ventricle beneath the posterior end of the corpus callous; may synchronize
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