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Trace and Toxic Elements Questions and answers
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Trace and Toxic Elements10 Essential Trace Elements - C3M2I2SZF
Chromium
Copper
Cobalt
Manganese
Molybdenum
Iron
Iodine
Selenium
Zinc
Fluoride
12th most abundant element in the earth's crust - Manganese
2 elements that are liquid at room temp - Bromine and Mercury
2 types of AAS - FAAS - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
GFAAS - Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
4 Trace elements - ZILC - Zinc, Iron, Lead, Copper
4th most abundant element in the earth's crust - Iron
5 Proteins involved in chromium absorption and transport - [main]
Transferrin - Binds the newly absorbed chromium
[main] Albumin - Acts an acceptor and transporter if transferrin sites are
saturated
[others] β- and γ-globulins and lipoproteins
5 Toxic trace elements - CALMA - Cadmium, Aluminum, Lead, Mercury,
Arsenic
5 Ultra trace elements - CCMMS - Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Selenium
,Additional note - Rubber stoppers on standard evacuated blood
collection devices are commonly made of aluminum silicate, and their
use results in measurable contamination of blood samples
Additional note for Chromium - Deficiency is uncommon, and most cases
occurs with specific clinical conditions such as total parenteral nutrition
or malnutrition
Additional notes for molybdenum - • In blood, it is bound to
A2-macroglobulin and to RBC membranes
• Molybdenum can cross the placental barrier, and high levels of
molybdenum in the diet of the mother can increase the molybdenum in
the liver of the neonate
• Deficiency: Cases are rare, but one reported case is a patient w/
Crohn's disease
• Molybdenum cofactor deficiency - inherited error of metabolism due to
lack of ???
Adult occupational lead exposure - Smelting, mining, ammunition,
soldering, plumbing, ceramic glazing, and construction
An autosomal recessive disorder of COPPER ACCUMULATION that
usually presents between the ages of 6 and 40 years - Wilson's disease
An endemic cardiomyopathy that affects mostly children and women of
childbearing age. Associated w/ selenium deficiency and increased
virulence of the coxsackievirus - Keshan disease
An endemic osteoarthritis occurs in adolescent and preadolescent years
also related w/ low selenium status - Kashin-Beck disease
An X-link recessive disorder of copper metabolism, symptoms appear at
the age of 2-3 months and death occurs by age of 3 - Menkes disease
Analytical methods of Iron measurement - Direct method - Quantitative,
specific, sensitive but invasive
, Indirect - Easy, convenient but lack specificity and sensitivity
Anemia present in lead poisoning - Microcytic hypochromic Anemia
(TAILS)
At what blood levels are symptoms of lead toxicity seen in children? - 60
ug/dL or higher
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) is used in what form for
ATOMIZATION and EXCITATION? - Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Average amount of Aluminum ingested daily and percentage of excretion
- 5-10 mg - 100% excreted
Best specimen used for Arsenic test - Urine - due to the short half-life of
arsenic in blood
Blood level of lead that causes IQ decline in children - 10 ug/dL or higher
Causes of iron deficiency anemia - Increased blood loss
Decreased dietary intake
Decreased release from ferritin
Chromium toxicity affects what parts of the body and which specific body
system? - Lungs (carcinogen associated w/ lung cancer)
Kidneys
Liver
Skin
Immune system
Chronic arsenic exposure has been shown to cause what famous
disease? - Blackfoot disease
Clinical Findings of Wilson's disease - • Neurologic disorders and liver
dysfunction (Copper accumulates in the liver and brains)
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