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Native Studies Final Exam Definitions.
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Native Studies Final Exam DefinitionsIndian Act of 1876 - ANS-First passed in 1876. It controls every aspect of aboriginal life
and identity. For over 100 years, considered status, Indians, wards of the state. Its goal
remains to be assimilation. It controls who gets status.
Worldview - ANS-How we interpret are surrounding language, culture, and family, which
can all impact us. It can change all the time. First nation worldview often revolves
around the land.
Sundance - ANS-A coming of age ritual that took place in Midsummer, usually after a
buffalo hunt. Involves feasting, chanting, conjuring, and dancing. That could last for
days. Young men performed the right of passage by inserting skewers into their chest
muscles and attaching themselves by a cord to a central pole. In slow circles, the boys
would turn, leaning back against the skewers until they eventually repeat themselves
free. It was voluntary and part of the larger Sundance. It was eventually banned
because of assimilation.
Potlatch - ANS-A celebration to give artwork, food, slaves, cedar chests, land titles
anymore. It's served as an important economic function as a way of redistributing wealth
and being generous.
Iroquois confederacy - ANS-Was used to bring peace and unity to the five nations who
were in turmoil. It signifies the peace (great law of peace) between them
Great law of peace - ANS-The confederacy was created in a timer for turmoil, endless
cycles of blood, feud, and revenge. The law was proposed to bring the various nations
together for peace.
Sovereignty - ANS-"Supreme authority"
A nation that is, Savern is Independent , and free with the right to govern a territory of its
own
Aboriginal rights - ANS-These include rights to the land, language, economic, and
cultural practices, and other forms of law and government. Right stuff first nations have
had since immemorial
, Treaty rights - ANS-Rights which refer to the agreement sent out by treaty between
indigenous people and the British crown and/or government of Canada
Aboriginal title - ANS-Which is an aboriginal Right #, is the right to the land itself. It is a
communal Right #. Many first nations maintain that the treaties are land Shang
agreements, not land cessions
Fur trade - ANS-Early relationships between European an indigenous revolved around
the fur trade. The indigenous had access the best Pelts. First nations for the dominant
culture in this relationship at first. Once more French settlers came, beavers along the
St. Lawrence river depleted, leading to Radisson and Gracias adventure in the founding
of the Hudsons bay company. Guns change the relationship, balance of power, warfare,
and the way business was done.
Treaty of Niagara 1764 - ANS-After the seven years war, and the conquest of new
France, Britain needed to create a new policy to ensure peace with first nations as first
nations were continuing conflict. The royal proclamation of 1763 was released, and sir
William Johnson was sent to spread the word to indigenous peoples. 2000 people from
24 first station groups gathered in Niagara to meet and discuss. They agreed to
surrender a 4 mile Landstrip, which was the first land cession following proclamation.
Trade would continue and be regulated. Interior peace, explain the royal proclamation
and establish peace through Arturo wampum belt. It represents the indigenous
understanding of the proclamation, but Canada does not recognize it today. Joe Burrow
argues that it should be recognized because it represents a well rounded
understanding.
Battle of seven Oaks - ANS-June 19, 1816, after the Sellkirk homeland was destroyed
and rebuilt, a group of meeti suppliers clashed with a group of settlers at seven Oaks.
21 settlers and the governor were killed. People argue whether or not it was a
massacre. The event is still celebrated as it shows the meeti coming together to fight for
the rights and land. It was the first attempt at settlement, and it resulted in bloodshed,
foreshadowing many more complex to come like the red river resistance and the
northwest resistance.
Jesuits - ANS-Catholic group that arrived in 1625. They went to the natives, lived
among them, learn their language, customs, and converted the Hurons one at a time to
Christianity.
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