Medical/AMLS Final review
Headache, nuchal rigidity, fever/chills and photophobia is a classic sign
of:
Meningitis
Patients who have headache and fever should be assessed for: (which
sign(s)?)
Kernig's (pain when extension of knee at sitting position; 'K' in Kernigs
and knee) and Brudzinsky's signs (involuntary flexing of legs when
flexing neck). Positive tests would indicate meningitis.
Fluid shifting in lungs is:
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom); occurs during shock or
can also happen because of pneumonia, aspiration, pancreatitis or drug
overdose. High mortality
Epiglottitis VS Croup VS Meningitis
Epiglottis: High grade fever (>102*F), Sore throat, Drooling, Leaning
forward
Croup: Seal bark cough at night, Low grade fever(<102*F), Stridor
Meningitis: Stiff neck, fever/chills, photophobia, Fever with seizures.
Dental pain, fever, dysphagia and possible firm red pronounced swelling
around throat:
Ludwig's Angina
Activation of the RAA Pathway is caused by:
Dehydration, Drop in Na, or Hemorrhage (which all, essentially, can lead
to shock)
, With regards to RAA: When a drop in BP is sensed by kidneys, they will
release ________ which will
Renin(think "RENal"/"RENin"; will combine with angiotensinogen (in
blood) to make Angiotensin I.
There's an enzyme in your lungs called ACE which stands for ________.
As Angiotensin-1 is carried from your blood stream to your lungs, it
combines with ACE and becomes _________.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; Angiotensin-2.
Angiotensin-2 specifically activates the ________________ to secrete
_______________
adrenal cortex; aldosterone
aldosterone
Causes water and salt retention in blood, thus increasing blood
pressure.
ADH vs Aldosterone
What's the difference between ADH and Aldosterone?
ADH Keeps water, and water only; Aldosterone keeps water and salt.
........
If you eat food that's high in salts, you increase the tonicity of your
bloodstream when it's absorbed and become hypertonic. That triggers
ADH which causes your kidneys to retain water and only water. A drop in
blood pressure will also cause ADH release because there's a
multiplicity to the body all the time.
There's never been a clinical case of somebody overproducing ADH. But
there are clinical cases of lower than normal ADH levels (deficiency)
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