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NSG 124 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 STUDY GUIDE MODULE 1-4 (ALL YOU NEED FOR REVISION)
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NSG 124 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 STUDY GUIDE MODULE 1-4 (ALL YOU NEED FOR REVISION)
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Page 1 of 15NSG 124 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1
LATEST 2024 STUDY GUIDE MODULE 1-4
(ALL YOU NEED FOR REVISION)
Unit 1 Module 1 and 2
Assessing Pain and pain management:
a. defining goals:
a. The goal of drug therapy is to produce maximum benefit with minimum harm. That is, we want to
employ drugs in such a way as to maximize therapeutic responses while preventing or minimizing
adverse reactions and interactions.
b. identifying interventions:
a. (1) drug administration: Dosage, route, timing, side effects
b. (2) interventions to enhance therapeutic effects: i.e. drug therapy for hypertension can be
combined with weight loss (in overweight patients), salt restriction, and smoking cessation:
c. (3) interventions to minimize adverse effects and interactions: Immediate or delayed reaction, be
prepared
d. (4) patient education (encompasses information in the first three groups)
c. evaluating success- the patient must be evaluated for:
a. (1) therapeutic responses – current status compared to baseline data – must know reasons for
drug use, criteria for evaluation and expected time course of drug
b. (2) adverse drug reactions and interactions: know which adverse effects are likely to occur, how
they manifest, and their probable time course. The method of monitoring is determined by the
expected effect.
c. (3) adherence to the prescribed regimen: include measurement of plasma drug levels, interviewing
the patient, and counting pills
d. (4) satisfaction with treatment: increases quality of life and promotes adherence
Drug Names
a. Generic: generic name of a drug is assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council. Each drug has
only one generic name. The generic name is also known as the nonproprietary name.
b. Proprietary: the names under which a drug is marketed, created by drug companies with the intention
that they be easy recall and pronounce. A single drug may have a large number of brand names.
, Page 2 of 15
Over the Counter Meds
a. Assessment
b. Education,
Medication food interactions: Education – grapefruit juice effect (raises drug level in bloodstream), MAOI -> high
blood pressure, tyramine – aged cheese, yeast, Chianti wine, avocado
Major Pharmacokinetics Processes:
a. Medication absorption: depends on rate of dissolution, surface area, drug flor, lipid solubility, pH
partitioning, the route of administration
a. Read labels: not all formulations are the same, some not appropriate for different routes /
bioavailability of oral medications is lower, not all makes it to the bloodstream like an IV
b. Medication distribution: depends on blood flow to the tissues, abscesses (antibiotics cannot reach the
bacteria within) and tumors (limited blood flow) can affect blood flow
a. Exiting the capillary beds – can pass freely
b. Blood brain barrier – only drugs that are lipid soluble or have a transport system can cross the BBB
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