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HHP 3114 Final Exam With Complete Solution
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HHP 3114 Final Exam With Complete Solution...
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HHP 31 14 Final E xam With Comp lete Solut ion Humans maintain a constant internal temperature between ? - ANSWER 97-100F (36.1 - 37.8C) Thermoregulation - ANSWER is the balance between heat gain (from metabolism, environmental heat, conduction, radiation) and heat loss (from radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation) Conduction - ANSWER direct molecular contact with an object Convectio n - ANSWER motion of gas or liquid across heated surface Radiation - ANSWER infrared rays Evaporation - ANSWER as fluid evaporates, heat is lost (580kcal/L) As body temperature rises: - ANSWER 1. sweat production increases 2. sweat reaches the skin and evaporates Evaporation accounts for - ANSWER 80% of heat lost during exercise, about 20% at rest Dehydration can result from: - ANSWER sweating Humidity - ANSWER - major role for heat loss - affects our perception of thermal stress - when high (regardless of temperature), humidity can limit the evaporation of sweat Internal body temperature can exceed _____ during exercise and may be up to ______ in active muscles - ANSWER 104F and 107.6F Internal temperatures above 104F can affect the nervous system and: - ANSWER reduce the body's ability to unload excess heat Cardiovascular response to exercise in the heat: - ANSWER - active muscles and skin compete for blood supply - stroke volume will decrease - heart rate gradually increases to compensate for lower SV (cardiovascular drift) Metabolic responses to exercise in the heat: - ANSWER - body temperature increases - oxygen uptake increases - glycogen depletion is increased - muscle lactate levels increase Body fluid and exercise in the heat: - ANSWER Sweating increases, high volumes of sweat can lead to: - blood volume to decrease - loss of minerals and electrolytes - release of aldosterone and ADH and water reabsorption in kidneys Hypothalamus - ANSWER monitors the body's temperature and speeds up heat loss or heat production as needed Central thermoreceptors - ANSWER located in hypothalamus, transmit information about the internal body temperature Peripheral thermoreceptors - ANSWER located in the skin, relay information to the hypothalamus Effectors: - ANSWER Sweat glands, Smooth muscle surrounding arterioles, Skeletal muscles, and endocrine glands Sweat glands - ANSWER increased activity can lower body temperature by evaporative heat loss Smooth muscle surrounding arterioles - ANSWER dilation or constriction to allow the blood to dissipate or retain heat Skeletal muscles - ANSWER activity increases temperature by increasing metabolic heat Endocrine glands - ANSWER actions of hormones can also increase metabolic heat production Rate - ANSWER - heat produced at rest is 1.25-1.5 kcal/minute - heat produced during exercise can exceed 15 kcal/minute and must be dissipated by the body's thermoregulatory systems When the environment temperature is higher than skin temperature, heat will be gained from: - ANSWER - radiation (sun, pavement) - convection (air) - conduction (pavement) Evaporation becomes the only avenue of heat loss, - ANSWER butThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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