Intro to Chemistry
Atoms and Molecules
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds. An atom, on the other hand, is the
smallest particle of an element that still retains its chemical properties.
Subatomic Particles
The three basic subatomic particles are protons, neut...
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds. An atom, on the other hand, is the
smallest particle of an element that still retains its chemical properties.
Subatomic Particles
The three basic subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are
found inside the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit around it.
Charged Subatomic Particles
Electrons have a negative charge, while protons have a positive charge. Neutrons have no charge or are
neutral.
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of an element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nucleus. For
example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are all isotopes of carbon.
Atomic Mass Unit
The atomic mass unit (amu) is a measurement used to determine the mass of an atom, equal to the
mass of a single proton.
Ion Formation
An atom that gains an electron becomes a negatively charged ion, while an atom that loses an electron
becomes a positively charged ion.
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