M4 Problem Set
Is the following molecule an aldose or ketose, briefly explain.
ketose. There is a C=O on the third carbon from the top.
Which carbon in erythrose would tell you if the monosaccharide is D or L? Give the
carbons number in your answer.
On carbon 3, which is the penultimate carbon
Glucose and mannose are epimers. Name another epimer of glucose besides
mannose.
galactose
Is the following structure a D or L carbohydrate? Briefly explain.
L. The -OH group is on the left side on the penultimate carbon.
Does the compound C7H14O8 fit the formal definition of a carbohydrate? Explain.
No. This compound has does not fit the formula CnH2nOn as indicated in the
module. There is one additional oxygen in this compound.
Which of the following is carbon number 3? (Indicate by the appropriate letter.)
C
Which carbon in this molecule is the anomeric carbon? (Indicate by the appropriate
letter.)
A
Is the following a furan or pyran ring? Briefly explain.
furan. There are only five atoms in the ring: one oxygen and four carbons.
, When is the α 1→6 connection typically found in carbohydrates?
The α 1→6 bond is found in polysaccharides when branching occurs.
Is the following an α 1→4 or β 1→4 connection? Briefly explain.
This is a β 1→4 because the molecule on the left has the oxygen in the up, or beta,
position.
What are the similarities and differences between amylose and amylopectin? Explain
in at least three complete sentences.
Similarities: Both of are homopolysaccharides of glucose. They each have α 1 → 4
connections between glucose. They each are part of starch.
Differences: Amylopectin has branching with α 1→6 linkages. Amylose does not.
Amylopectin is typically larger than amylose.
How is chitin different from cellulose?
Chitin has glucose with derivatives attached. -NH-CO-CH3 is connected to each
glucose.
Where are α 1 → 6 bonds found in carbohydrates?
They are found where glycogen and amylopectin branch.
In what ways are amylose and a protein alike?
They both can form alpha helices.
What is the name of the carbohydrate found in beetle exoskeleton?
Chitin.
D-glyceraldehyde
aldose
Dihydroxyacetone
ketose
Monosaccharides found in nature typically have
three to eight carbons
The smallest are the three-carbon trioses
glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone
erythrose
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