NAFC Foundations of Fitness and Exercise Study Guide 1. Introduction to Fitness and Exercise • Definition of Fitness : Understanding overall physical health and well -being. • Benefits of Exercise : Physical, mental, and emotional health improvements. 2. Anatomy and Physiology • Musculoskeletal System : Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. o Key Muscles : Major muscle groups and their functions. • Cardiovascular System : Heart, blood vessels, and blood flow. • Respiratory System : Lungs, airways, and oxygen exchange. • Nervous System : Nerves, brain, and their role in movement. 3. Exercise Science • Biomechanics : Principles of movement and mechanics of the body. • Kinesiology : Study of human movement. • Energy Systems : Aerobic and anaerobic pathways, ATP production. 4. Nutrition • Macronutrients : Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. o Roles and Sources : Functions in the body, dietary sources. • Micronutrients : Vitamins and minerals. o Importance : Essential roles in bodily functions. • Hydration : Importance of water, signs of dehydration. 5. Program Design • FITT Principle : Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of exercise. • Progressive Overload : Gradually increasing exercise demands. • Specificity : Tailoring exercises to specific goals. • Variation : Changing exercises to prevent plateaus. 6. Exercise Techniques • Strength Training : Proper form for exercises like squats, deadlifts, and bench presses. • Cardiovascular Training : Running, cycling, swimming, and their benefits. • Flexibility Training : Stretching techniques, yoga, and dynamic vs. static stretches. • Balance and Stability : Core exercises, balance training techniques.
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