NSB236 Exam Study Questions And Answers With Latest Quiz

3:1 rule fluid administeration in hypovolaemic shock - 3mL crystalloid (normal saline) to 1mL blood loss acute leukemia - cancer of the blood which appears suddenly very rapid production of abnormal immature blood cells Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells. Differentiates: Develops in the lymphoid lineage More prevalent in children Prognosis depends on age and genetic factors Acute Myeloid Leukemia - A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow with excess immature white blood cells. differentiates: Develops in the myeloid lineage More prevalent in adults Prognosis depends on age and type Antegrade or post traumatic amnesia - loss of memory for events after a brain insult Autoregulation - the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply Cerebral perfusion pressure equation - MAP - ICP = CPP colloids vs crystalloids - colloids- used to replace a specific part of blood that may be deficientcrystalloids- attempt to replace volume Does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? - vasodilation Early symptoms chronic kidney disease - nocturia, nausea and vomiting, headaches, breathlessness, and weight loss eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate Hodgkin's lymphoma - distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells Hyperkalemia >5.5mmol/L - • CNS changes (apathy, confusion, tingling) • muscle weakness • acetone breath +/- ketones in urine • ECG changes • bradycardia • asystole lymphoma - cancer of the lymphatic system both b and t lymphocytes Mannitol solution - osmotic diuretic lowers ICP and increases CPP by expanding the blood volume, reducing blood viscosity and increasing CBP and tissue oxygenation multiple myeloma - cancer of plasma cellschronic high risk of hypercalcemia Munro-Kellie Hypothesis - An increase in one volume can be compensated by a decrease in one or both other volumes Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma Normal ICP levels - Adult: 5-10mmHG Child: 3.5 - 7 Infant: 1.5 - 6 Normal PaO2 levels - 80-100 mmHg Overall shock management - Identify and treat cause Improve O2 and tissue perfusion Monitor and evaluate Primary brain injury - occurs immediately at onset of brain injury; sudden damage to the tissue Psychogenic amnesia - loss of memory for an emotionally charged event retrograde amnesia - loss of memory for event that occurred before a brain insult Secondary brain injury - Occurs due to impaired autoregulation