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IB Sports Exercise and Health Science Exam|371 Q/A
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IB Sports Exercise and HealthScience Exam|371 Q/A
be familiar with the principal structures of the ventilatory system - -nose,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
-pharynx - -contain the tonsils; normal function is to fight infection
-larynx - -voice box
-epiglottis - -flexible cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea and
automatically closes the opening to the trachea when swallowing
-trachea - -windpipe
-bronchi - -two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that
carry air into the lungs
-bronchioles - -smallest branches of the bronchi
-lungs - -right side has 3 lobes; left side has 2 lobes
-alveoli - -tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases
between air and blood
-functions of conducting airways - -low resistance pathway for airflow,
defense against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhaled,
warming and moistening the air
-pulmonary ventilation (PV) - -inflow and outflow of air between the
atmosphere and the lungs (breathing)
-total lung capacity (TLC) - -the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal
inhalation
-vital capacity (VC) - -the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after
a maximum inhalation
-tidal volume (TV) - -amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
under normal breathing conditions
-expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - -the volume of additional air that can be
forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
, -inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - -additional inspired air over and above
tidal volume
-residual volume (RV) - -volume of air contained in the lungs after maximal
exhalation
-inspiratory capacity - -TV + IRV
-expiratory capacity - -TV + ERV
-explain the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise - -
increase in carbon dioxide increases the blood acidity levels
-be familiar with the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation - -
hemoglobin carries oxygen around the body as oxyhemoglobin in red blood
cells
-diffusion - -gas will move from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
-ventricles - -lower chambers of the heart
-left ventricle - -pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
-right ventricle - -pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery
-atrium - -upper chambers of the heart
-right atrium - -receives blood from the body via the superior/inferior vena
cava
-left atrium - -receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary
veins
-bicuspid valve - -between left atrium and left ventricle
-tricuspid valve - -valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
-aortic valve - -between left ventricle and aorta
-pulmonary valve - -between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
-superior/inferior vena cava - -carries deoxygenated blood from the body to
the right atrium
-pulmonary vein - -carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
, -pulmonary artery - -carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
-erythrocytes - -red blood cells
-leukocytes - -white blood cells
-thrombocytes - -platelets
-plasma - -liquid portion of blood
-red blood cell function - -carries oxygen and iron throughout the body
-white blood cells function - -fight infection
-platelets - -blood clotting
-aorta - -large artery that takes blood from heart to the body
-arteries - -blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
-veins - -blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
-pulmonary circuit - -heart to lungs to heart
-systemic circuit - -heart to body to heart
-sinoatrial node (SA node) - -pacemaker of the heart
-extrinsic regulation of the heart - -autonomic nervous system- sympathetic
and parasympathetic
-sympathetic - -fight or flight
-parasympathetic - -rest and digest
-heart rate - -number of beats per minute
-cardiac output - -the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one
minute
-stroke volume - -the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in each
contraction
-cardiovascular drift - -slow but constant increase in heart rate during
prolonged activity (ex: increase of body temperature)
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