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,# 1997 University of South AfricaAll rights reserved
Printed and published by the
University of South Africa
Muckleneuk, Pretoria
PST103±E/1/97±2005
PFC101-Q/1/97-2005
96477245
3B2
, (iii) PST103±E/1/97-2005, PFC101±Q/1/97-2005
Contents
FOREWORD (vi)
UNIT 1
INFORMATION REGARDING THIS COURSE 1
1.1 Purpose, nature and scope of the course 1
1.2 Learning outcomes 1
1.3 Activities and self-evaluation exercises 2
1.4 Assignments 2
1.5 Prescribed books 2
1.6 Themes 2
1.6.1 A synopsis of the prescribed books and themes 3
1.7 An overview of the course 4
1.8 Concluding remarks 7
BIBLIOGRAPHY 7
UNIT 2
SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL Ð GEOGRAPHY AND
HISTORY 9
2.1 Clarification of concepts 9
2.1.1 What are the Social Sciences? 10
2.1.2 What is Geography? 11
2.1.3 What is History? 12
2.2 The nature and value of Geography and History in general education 13
2.3 Geography and History teaching in South African Primary Schools 17
2.3.1 A historical perspective 17
2.3.2 Recent developments 18
2.4 Correlation between Geography and History 21
2.5 Concluding remarks 22
2.6 Evaluation questions 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23
UNIT 3
CURRICULUM AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 25
3.1 Defining the concept ``curriculum'' 25
3.2 Curriculum development 26
3.2.1 The place of Geography and History in the development of the
curriculum 27
3.3 Concluding remarks 32
3.4 Evaluation questions 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33
, (iv)
UNIT 4
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 34
4.1 Introduction 34
4.2 The difference between aims and objectives 34
4.3 Skills 36
4.3.1 Reading and research skills 36
4.3.2 Social skills 36
4.3.3 Descriptive skills 36
4.3.4 Schematic skills 36
4.3.5 Skills in synthesis 36
4.4 Concluding remarks 41
4.5 Evaluation questions 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 42
UNIT 5
RESOURCES AND MEDIA 43
5.1 First order resources: the teacher 43
5.2 Second order resources: the spoken and written word 44
5.2.1 The writing/black/chalkboard 45
5.2.2 Textbooks 46
5.3 Third order resources: teaching media 47
5.3.1 Pictures, sketches, illustrations and photographs 47
5.3.2 The overhead projector 49
5.3.3 The timeline and timeline chart 50
5.3.4 Film/motion pictures 51
5.3.5 Video recording 51
5.3.6 Filmstrips and slides 51
5.3.7 Tape recorders 52
5.3.8 Maps 52
5.3.9 Exhibitions, presentations, samples and models 53
5.3.10 Computers 54
5.3.11 School library/media centre 54
5.4 Fourth order resources: beyond the school 55
5.4.1 Local events 55
5.4.2 Fieldwork, excursions and educational tours 56
5.5 Criteria for the selection of teaching media 59
5.6 Concluding remarks 60
5.7 Evaluation questions 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY 60
UNIT 6
LESSON PLANNING/PREPARATION 62
6.1 Introduction 62
6.2 Scheme of work 62
6.2.1 Educational objectives and aims 64
6.2.2 The course of the lesson 66
6.3 Evaluation questions 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73
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