PSYC
2310
Chapter
11-13
Exam
Notes
A
study
by
Volz
and
colleagues
(2017)
showed
that
while
participants
are
willing
to
benefit
_______
at
their
own
cost,
they
are
less
willing
to
benefit
_______
at
cost
to
themselves.
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-themselves,
others
a
study
done
by
taylor
et
al
in
2018
about
legal
trials
on
attraction
found
that:
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-jurors
relied
more
on
the
evidence
they
were
presented
to
make
their
decisions
on
all
three
factors.
Surprisingly
and
contrary
to
previous
research,
being
attractive
did
not
make
a
difference
in
their
decisions.
aggression
and
punishment
across
cultures
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-if
a
culture
deems
corporal
punishment
as
an
appropriate
tool
to
correct
a
child's
behaviour,
it
becomes
normal,
and
therefore
encouraged.
aggression
on
relative
deprivation
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-people
will
place
the
aggressive
behaviours
that
result
from
poor
economic
conditions
onto
minority
group
members
aggression
rates
across
cultures
-
CORRECT
ANSWER--
higher
rates
of
aggression
may
be
due
to
the
greater
distinctions
drawn
between
in
‐
group
and
out
‐
group
members
in
collectivistic
cultures.
-
peer
‐
directed
aggression
is
lower
in
collectivistic
cultures
than
in
individualistic
ones
-
collectivistic
cultures
have
higher
rates
of
domestic
violence
due
to
the
gender
inequality
(more
patriarchial)
altruistic
behaviour
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-helping
without
the
expectation
of
personal
gain
eg:
Jeanne
works
at
the
shelter,
but
she
volunteers
because
she
feels
compassion
for
the
homeless
people
anxious/ambivalent
attachment
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-eg:
Tatiana
has
often
been
called
clingy
in
relationships.
She
likes
to
get
as
close
as
possible
to
people,
which
often
scares
them
away.
She
also
often
fears
that
her
boyfriends
are
cheating
on
her
or
that
they
don't
like
her
the
way
they
say
they
do.
arousal-af fect/excitation
transfer
model
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-describes
that
aggression
as
influenced
by
BOTH
the
intensity
of
the
arousal
AND
the
type
of
emotion
produced
by
the
stimulus arousal/cost-reward
model
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-a
model
that
describes
helping
behaviour
as
caused
in
part
by
the
physiological
arousal
that
people
experience
when
they
see
someone
in
need
of
help
and
in
part
by
their
calculation
of
the
costs
and
rewards
of
providing
such
help
attachment
styles
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-the
expectations
that
a
person
has
about
a
relationship
partner,
based
largely
on
the
person's
early
experiences
with
their
caregivers
bystander
effect
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-the
tendency
for
any
given
bystander
to
be
less
likely
to
give
aid
if
other
bystanders
are
present
catharsis
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-release
of
suppressed
energy/emotion
("blow
off
steam")
cognitive-neoassociation
theory
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-a
theory
that
describes
aggression
as
caused
by
experiencing
negative
effect
of
any
kind,
which
in
turn
evokes
aggression-related
thoughts,
memories,
feelings
and
ideas
collectivistic
types
of
love
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-storge,
PRAGMA
(*),
mania
and
agape
companionate
love
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-a
stable,
calm
and
dependable
kind
of
love
that
may
include
intimacy,
stability,
shared
values/attitudes/experiences
and
high
levels
of
self-disclosure
comparison
levels
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-the
expected
outcome
of
a
relationship
&
the
extent
to
which
a
person
expected
their
relationship
to
be
rewarding
comparison
levels
for
alternatives
(CLalt)
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-a
calculation
regarding
the
expected
benefits
and
costs
that
a
person
could
receive
from
having
a
relationship
with
other
partners
cultural
influences
on
close
relationships
and
attraction
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-in
both
individualistic
and
collectivistic
cultures,
those
with
high
social
skills
tend
to
have
high
friendship
quality,
which
leads
to
greater
happiness
culture
and
its
influence
on
helping
-
CORRECT
ANSWER--
people
from
bigger
cities
are
less
likely
to
help
than
those
from
smaller
ones,
this
is
because
people
become
urbanized
and
competitive
=
pro-self
and
not
prosocial
attitudes
-
individualistic
=
see
helping
behaviour
as
a
personal
decision
-
collectivistic
=
moral
duty
and
meeting
these
needs
is
a
moral
obligation.
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