BIO 335 UNCW Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

BIO 335 UNCW Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed Each cell contains the entire genome of the organism: True True Genetics: The branch of biology that deals with heredity and genetic variation Gene: A segment of DNA that carries the instructions to produce a functional protein Trait: Any characteristic exhibited by an organism How is the genome distributed in an organism? Each cell contains the entire genome (except for gametes) All cells, except for reproductive cells, encompass the complete genome. The Genome: Holds all the necessary information to develop an organism from a fertilized egg and sustain its life (comprehensive hereditary data of an individual) How does a single genome produce different cell types? Certain genes are activated in specific cell types at specific times Different cell types are formed by the expression of specific genes at specific times. Chromosome: The physical structure that organizes and holds the genome How do different genomes produce distinct individuals? Multiple correct answers: - Variations in the timing of gene expression can affect individual traits. - Differences in gene sequences can impact individual traits. - Variations in the amount of gene expression can influence individual traits. - Differences in the location of gene expression can affect individual traits. Coding sequence: Constitutes only 1% of the human genome Genetic material must meet four criteria: - Information: It must contain the blueprint to construct an entire organism. - Transmission: It must be inheritable from parent to offspring. - Replication: It must be duplicable to be inherited by the offspring. - Variation: It must exhibit variability to account for phenotypic diversity in species. Griffith's experiment: - 1928 - Sought a vaccine for pneumonia - Found that a substance from a virulent bacterial strain could transform a non-virulent strain into a virulent one - Two strains: Rough (R) and Smooth (S) - Rough: Lacks a polysaccharide capsule, forming rough colonies, not shielded from the immune system - Smooth: Has a polysaccharide capsule, forming smooth colonies, protected from the immune system Griffith's experiment continuation: 1. Inject mouse with live type S bacteria - Mouse dies - Type S bacteria recovered from blood 2. Inject mouse with live type R bacteria - Mouse survives - No bacteria isolated from blood 3. Inject mouse with heat-killed type S bacteria - Mouse