INMT 341 - Final Exam Ques tions and Complete Solutions Black hole ✅No process can have only inputs. If an object has only inputs, then it must be a sink If an object has only outputs ✅it must be a source If an object has only inputs ✅it must be a sink Context Diagram ✅The least detailed level of data flow diagramming The diagram shows only the major information flows between the system and the external parties that interact with the system Outside sources/systems/agents ✅You can tell something or someone is an outside source because you do not know details about how the data you receive was created Decomposition ✅When you take the processes shown on a DFD and divide each into more detailed (sub)processes, this is referred to as decomposition Balancing ✅When you balance a DFD it means you preserve the inputs and outputs of a parent DFD at the next level of decomposition Flowcharts ✅Flowcharts focus on the physical aspects of information flows, files, sources, destinations and processes Systems flowcharts ✅They show the entire system configuration, including the data inputs, data outputs, and processes of a system, and the relationships between system inputs, processes and outputs Document flowcharts ✅Focuses on the creation, flow, and destinations of documents and information within a system Program flowcharts ✅Show the logic and processing steps of a computer program or code Paper Documents (Rectangle with Squiggly bottom) ✅The document symbol is used for all types of paper source documents that are processed by the system (e.g. checks, invoices, ledgers, journals, and reports) Input/Output symbol (Paralellogram) ✅The Input/Output symbol is typically used to display records and master files on a program logic flowchart. It is also used to denote records and files (journals and ledgers) in a manual flowchart Manual Process Symbol (Trapezoid) ✅The manual -process symbol indicates a manual operation (such as completing forms or verifying amounts). Paper documents are a common input to the manual process and paper documents are common outputs from the process. Machine -processing symbol (Rectangle) ✅This typically denotes a computer application (such as an order entry program or an invoicing program). Manual system off -line storage symbol (Upside Down Triangle) ✅A manual system off -
line storage symbol represents any storage of paper documents (e.g., file cabinet, safe, or shelves) Computer -storage (Cylinder) ✅Computer -storage5: Direct storage (Disk). A file label is included on the symbol. Terminal or System Exit/Entry ✅This symbol is used to indicate the beginning, or ending point of the process represented on a flowchart. It is also used to display system entry or exit of data On-Page Connector (Small Circle) ✅On-page connectors tell the user where to go next when the flow continues on the same page Off Page Connector (Weird Upside Down Triangle Like Shape) ✅Off page connectors are used to connect multiple pages of a document flowchart. Shown within the off page connector symbol is the page number that the flow continues to (or from which the flow came) and a connector number Annotation ✅This symbol is used to include important supplementary information or explanations that are difficult to describe graphically within the flowchart itself Decision points (Diamond Shape) ✅A decision symbol would display the decision, and a description of the decision would appear in the symbol (e.g. "Is the document complete?"). Two labeled flow lines would exit from the decision symbol to illustrate the indicated course of action GRC -Governance, Risk and Compliance ✅GRC refers to a strategy for managing an organization's overall Governance, enterprise Risk management and Compliance with regulations Benefits of GRC ✅A well -planned GRC strategy comes with lots of benefits: improved decision -making, more optimal IT investments, elimination of silos, and reduced fragmentation among divisions and departments Governance ✅The processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals Risk ✅Making sure that any risk (or opportunity) associated with organizational activities is identified and addressed in a way that supports the organization's business goals Compliance ✅Making sure that IT systems, and the data contained in those systems, are used and secured properly IT Governance helps you assess whether your organization is: ✅•Aligning IT with the enterprise and realizing promised benefits •Using IT to exploit opportunities and maximize benefits •Using IT resources responsibly •Managing IT risks •Recognizing opportunities and acting upon them IT governance framework ✅Describes the leadership, organizational structures, and processes that ensure IT sustains and extends organizational strategies and objectives IT governance framework ✅1. ITIL 4 2. ISO:IEC 38500:20015 3. COBIT 2019 ITIL Framework ✅ITIL - Information Technology Infrastructure Library ITIL is a framework that helps organizations manage their IT services across their lifecycle ISO/IEC 38500:20015 ✅Model for Corporate Governance of IT provides guiding principles for members of governing bodies of organizations on the effective, efficient, and acceptable use of information technology (IT) within their organizations Purpose of ISO/IEC Governance Frmanework ✅The purpose is to promote effective, efficient, and acceptable use of IT in all organizations by: - assuring stakeholders that, if the principles and practices proposed by the standard are followed, they can have confidence in the organization's governance of IT, - informing and guiding governing bodies in governing the use of IT in their organization - establishing a vocabulary for the governance of IT. Which Governance Framework separates Governance from Managment? ✅COBIT 2019
line storage symbol represents any storage of paper documents (e.g., file cabinet, safe, or shelves) Computer -storage (Cylinder) ✅Computer -storage5: Direct storage (Disk). A file label is included on the symbol. Terminal or System Exit/Entry ✅This symbol is used to indicate the beginning, or ending point of the process represented on a flowchart. It is also used to display system entry or exit of data On-Page Connector (Small Circle) ✅On-page connectors tell the user where to go next when the flow continues on the same page Off Page Connector (Weird Upside Down Triangle Like Shape) ✅Off page connectors are used to connect multiple pages of a document flowchart. Shown within the off page connector symbol is the page number that the flow continues to (or from which the flow came) and a connector number Annotation ✅This symbol is used to include important supplementary information or explanations that are difficult to describe graphically within the flowchart itself Decision points (Diamond Shape) ✅A decision symbol would display the decision, and a description of the decision would appear in the symbol (e.g. "Is the document complete?"). Two labeled flow lines would exit from the decision symbol to illustrate the indicated course of action GRC -Governance, Risk and Compliance ✅GRC refers to a strategy for managing an organization's overall Governance, enterprise Risk management and Compliance with regulations Benefits of GRC ✅A well -planned GRC strategy comes with lots of benefits: improved decision -making, more optimal IT investments, elimination of silos, and reduced fragmentation among divisions and departments Governance ✅The processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals Risk ✅Making sure that any risk (or opportunity) associated with organizational activities is identified and addressed in a way that supports the organization's business goals Compliance ✅Making sure that IT systems, and the data contained in those systems, are used and secured properly IT Governance helps you assess whether your organization is: ✅•Aligning IT with the enterprise and realizing promised benefits •Using IT to exploit opportunities and maximize benefits •Using IT resources responsibly •Managing IT risks •Recognizing opportunities and acting upon them IT governance framework ✅Describes the leadership, organizational structures, and processes that ensure IT sustains and extends organizational strategies and objectives IT governance framework ✅1. ITIL 4 2. ISO:IEC 38500:20015 3. COBIT 2019 ITIL Framework ✅ITIL - Information Technology Infrastructure Library ITIL is a framework that helps organizations manage their IT services across their lifecycle ISO/IEC 38500:20015 ✅Model for Corporate Governance of IT provides guiding principles for members of governing bodies of organizations on the effective, efficient, and acceptable use of information technology (IT) within their organizations Purpose of ISO/IEC Governance Frmanework ✅The purpose is to promote effective, efficient, and acceptable use of IT in all organizations by: - assuring stakeholders that, if the principles and practices proposed by the standard are followed, they can have confidence in the organization's governance of IT, - informing and guiding governing bodies in governing the use of IT in their organization - establishing a vocabulary for the governance of IT. Which Governance Framework separates Governance from Managment? ✅COBIT 2019
