NUR140 Pharm Mid Term (book). Questions and
Correct Answers, With Complete Solution.
Chpt 2
Number the following drug forms in order of speed of dissolution and absorption, with 1 being the
fastest and 5 being the slowest:
_______ a. Capsules
_______ b. Enteric-coated tablets
_______ c. Elixirs
_______ d. Powders
_______ e. Orally-disintegrating tablets
1=e 2=c 3=d 4=a 5=b
When considering the various routes of drug elimi-nation, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs
mainly by which routes?
a. Renal tubules and skin
b. Skin and lungs
c. Bowel and renal tubules
d. Lungs and gastrointestinal tract
C
The nurse is aware that excessive drug dosages, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion may
result in which drug effect?
a. Tolerance
b. Cumulative effect
c. Incompatibility
d. Antagonistic effect
B
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to: a. be absorbed by the body.
b. reach a therapeutic level. c. exert a response. d. be removed by the body.
D
The nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect? (Select all
that apply.)
a. Oral
b. Sublingual
c. Subcutaneous
,d. Intravenous
e. Rectal
A,E
If a drug binds with an enzyme and thereby prevents the enzyme from binding to its normal target cell, it
will produce which effect?
a. Receptor interaction
b. Enzyme affinity
c. Enzyme interaction
d. Nonspecific interaction
C
The nurse is reviewing a list of a patient's medica-tions and notes that one of the drugs is known to have
a low therapeutic index. Which statement accurately explains this concept?
a. The difference between a therapeutic dose and toxic dose is large.
b. The difference between a therapeutic dose and toxic dose is small.
c. The dose needed to reach a therapeutic level is small.
d. The drug has only a slight chance of being effective.
B
The nurse prepares to obtain a patient's blood sample from a central line for a drug level that is to be
drawn just before that medication's next dose. What is the timing of this blood draw known as?
a. Half-life
b. Therapeutic level
c. Peak level
d. Trough level
D
A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. If at 0800 the drug level is measured as 200 mg/L, at what time would
the drug level be 50 mg/L?
1600
When drug A functions as an enzyme inhibitor of drug B, the nurse will anticipate which result in drug B?
a. Levels of drug B could rise to toxicity.
,b. Levels of drug B will remain unchanged.
c. Levels of drug B will move into the receptor sites more quickly.
d. Levels of drug B will be eliminated from the tubules with greater ease.
A
When administering a new medication to a patient, the nurse notes the drug is "highly protein bound."
The patient's albumin level is normal. When com-pared to a drug that is not highly protein bound, the
nurse would expect the protein-bound drug to
a. demonstrate quicker renal excretion. b. be metabolized more quickly. c. have a longer duration of
action. d. exit the vascular system via osmosis.
C
The nurse administers warfarin to a patient who is concurrently taking a second drug that is highly
protein bound. The nurse knows that a drug-drug interaction could occur, which would result in
a. both drugs being rendered useless. b. neither drug reaching a therapeutic level.
c. the second drug increasing the action and toxicity of the first drug.
d. only the protein-bound drug being able to exit the vascular system.
C
Pharmaceutics
J. works for a pharmaceutical corporation. One of its new drugs looks very promising, and J.'s company is
experimenting with dosage forms for this investiga-tional new drug. He is responsible for measuring the
relationship between the physiochemical properties of the dosage form and the clinical therapeutic
response.
Pharmacokinetics
L.'s laboratory monitors drug distribution rates between various body compartments from absorption
through excretion. Recently, her laboratory was able to suggest a positive change in the dosage regimen
for an injectable drug, bringing her firm a prestigious award.
Pharmacodynamics
G.'s research unit recently recommended two new contraindications for the use of a newly marketed
drug after discovering previously unknown biochemical and physiologic interactions of this drug with
another, unrelated drug.
Pharmacogenomics
, D. and P. have spent the past 3 years gathering family histories, legal case reports, and current clinical
data to identify possible genetic factors that influence individuals' responses to meperidine and related
drugs.
Pharmacotherapeutics
D. works on a study that is gathering data on the use of two different drugs for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis.
Pharmacognosy
L. is researching botanical and zoologic sources of drugs to treat multiple sclerosis. She is part of a uni-
versity research team that is currently experimenting with varying the biochemical composition and
thera-peutic effects of several possible new drugs.
Toxicology
D. researches various poisons and is particularly interested in the detection and treatment of the effects
of drugs and other chemicals in certain mammals.
Pharmacoeconomics
M. is performing a cost-benefit analysis to compare the effectiveness of two blood pressure medications
for a health insurance company.
A patient is to receive a drug that can be given by injection, either intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
The patient's condition dictates that the drug needs to be absorbed quickly. Which route of
administration will the prescriber order? How can the nurse further increase absorption?
Because muscles have a greater blood supply than the skin, drugs injected intramuscularly are typically
absorbed faster than those injected subcutaneously. Absorption can be increased by applying heat to the
injection site or by massaging the injection site, which increases the blood flow to the area and thus
enhances absorption.
A patient had a thyroidectomy 4 years ago and has been taking the thyroid hormone levothyroxine since
the surgery. She visits her primary care provider for periodic laboratory work to check her hormone
levels. This is an example of which type of drug therapy: acute, maintenance, supplemental, or pal-
liative? Explain your answer.
This is an example of supplemental therapy—drug therapy that supplies the bodywith a substance
needed to maintain normal function. This substance may be needed either because it cannot be made
by the body or because it is produced in insufficient quantity.
A patient has a prescription for an extended-release, enteric-coated tablet. The next day, his wife calls to
ask about crushing the tablet, saying, "He just cannot swallowthat big pill."What is the nurse's best
answer?
Correct Answers, With Complete Solution.
Chpt 2
Number the following drug forms in order of speed of dissolution and absorption, with 1 being the
fastest and 5 being the slowest:
_______ a. Capsules
_______ b. Enteric-coated tablets
_______ c. Elixirs
_______ d. Powders
_______ e. Orally-disintegrating tablets
1=e 2=c 3=d 4=a 5=b
When considering the various routes of drug elimi-nation, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs
mainly by which routes?
a. Renal tubules and skin
b. Skin and lungs
c. Bowel and renal tubules
d. Lungs and gastrointestinal tract
C
The nurse is aware that excessive drug dosages, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion may
result in which drug effect?
a. Tolerance
b. Cumulative effect
c. Incompatibility
d. Antagonistic effect
B
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to: a. be absorbed by the body.
b. reach a therapeutic level. c. exert a response. d. be removed by the body.
D
The nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect? (Select all
that apply.)
a. Oral
b. Sublingual
c. Subcutaneous
,d. Intravenous
e. Rectal
A,E
If a drug binds with an enzyme and thereby prevents the enzyme from binding to its normal target cell, it
will produce which effect?
a. Receptor interaction
b. Enzyme affinity
c. Enzyme interaction
d. Nonspecific interaction
C
The nurse is reviewing a list of a patient's medica-tions and notes that one of the drugs is known to have
a low therapeutic index. Which statement accurately explains this concept?
a. The difference between a therapeutic dose and toxic dose is large.
b. The difference between a therapeutic dose and toxic dose is small.
c. The dose needed to reach a therapeutic level is small.
d. The drug has only a slight chance of being effective.
B
The nurse prepares to obtain a patient's blood sample from a central line for a drug level that is to be
drawn just before that medication's next dose. What is the timing of this blood draw known as?
a. Half-life
b. Therapeutic level
c. Peak level
d. Trough level
D
A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. If at 0800 the drug level is measured as 200 mg/L, at what time would
the drug level be 50 mg/L?
1600
When drug A functions as an enzyme inhibitor of drug B, the nurse will anticipate which result in drug B?
a. Levels of drug B could rise to toxicity.
,b. Levels of drug B will remain unchanged.
c. Levels of drug B will move into the receptor sites more quickly.
d. Levels of drug B will be eliminated from the tubules with greater ease.
A
When administering a new medication to a patient, the nurse notes the drug is "highly protein bound."
The patient's albumin level is normal. When com-pared to a drug that is not highly protein bound, the
nurse would expect the protein-bound drug to
a. demonstrate quicker renal excretion. b. be metabolized more quickly. c. have a longer duration of
action. d. exit the vascular system via osmosis.
C
The nurse administers warfarin to a patient who is concurrently taking a second drug that is highly
protein bound. The nurse knows that a drug-drug interaction could occur, which would result in
a. both drugs being rendered useless. b. neither drug reaching a therapeutic level.
c. the second drug increasing the action and toxicity of the first drug.
d. only the protein-bound drug being able to exit the vascular system.
C
Pharmaceutics
J. works for a pharmaceutical corporation. One of its new drugs looks very promising, and J.'s company is
experimenting with dosage forms for this investiga-tional new drug. He is responsible for measuring the
relationship between the physiochemical properties of the dosage form and the clinical therapeutic
response.
Pharmacokinetics
L.'s laboratory monitors drug distribution rates between various body compartments from absorption
through excretion. Recently, her laboratory was able to suggest a positive change in the dosage regimen
for an injectable drug, bringing her firm a prestigious award.
Pharmacodynamics
G.'s research unit recently recommended two new contraindications for the use of a newly marketed
drug after discovering previously unknown biochemical and physiologic interactions of this drug with
another, unrelated drug.
Pharmacogenomics
, D. and P. have spent the past 3 years gathering family histories, legal case reports, and current clinical
data to identify possible genetic factors that influence individuals' responses to meperidine and related
drugs.
Pharmacotherapeutics
D. works on a study that is gathering data on the use of two different drugs for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis.
Pharmacognosy
L. is researching botanical and zoologic sources of drugs to treat multiple sclerosis. She is part of a uni-
versity research team that is currently experimenting with varying the biochemical composition and
thera-peutic effects of several possible new drugs.
Toxicology
D. researches various poisons and is particularly interested in the detection and treatment of the effects
of drugs and other chemicals in certain mammals.
Pharmacoeconomics
M. is performing a cost-benefit analysis to compare the effectiveness of two blood pressure medications
for a health insurance company.
A patient is to receive a drug that can be given by injection, either intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
The patient's condition dictates that the drug needs to be absorbed quickly. Which route of
administration will the prescriber order? How can the nurse further increase absorption?
Because muscles have a greater blood supply than the skin, drugs injected intramuscularly are typically
absorbed faster than those injected subcutaneously. Absorption can be increased by applying heat to the
injection site or by massaging the injection site, which increases the blood flow to the area and thus
enhances absorption.
A patient had a thyroidectomy 4 years ago and has been taking the thyroid hormone levothyroxine since
the surgery. She visits her primary care provider for periodic laboratory work to check her hormone
levels. This is an example of which type of drug therapy: acute, maintenance, supplemental, or pal-
liative? Explain your answer.
This is an example of supplemental therapy—drug therapy that supplies the bodywith a substance
needed to maintain normal function. This substance may be needed either because it cannot be made
by the body or because it is produced in insufficient quantity.
A patient has a prescription for an extended-release, enteric-coated tablet. The next day, his wife calls to
ask about crushing the tablet, saying, "He just cannot swallowthat big pill."What is the nurse's best
answer?
