Essentials of Pathophysiology Practice Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.

Hypokalemia - Answer - monitor for arrhythmia/EKG changes - normal K levels (3.5-5.5) Catecholamines (epinephrine or norepinephrine) - Answer - initiates flight or fight response - responsible for increased heart rate. Function of Albumin - Answer a plasma protein secreted by the liver that likes water; helps maintain the osmotic pressure. Decreased albumin - Answer causes ascites in liver cirrhosis patients. Function of Aldosterone - Answer helps to retain sodium and water and maintain BP. Allostasis - Answer when an organism successfully adapts to challenges and brings back homeostasis. Different fluid compartments - Answer intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, intravascular. Causes of edema - Answer increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Sign and symptom - Answer sign is what you see (objective); symptom (subjective) is what patient tells you. Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - Answer immune complex reaction (hypersensitivity), immune complexes i.e. RA and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Levels of prevention - Answer - primary (prophylactic, vaccines)