Dit document bevat een uitgebreide samenvatting van de leerstof, beter uitgelegd en met alle oefeningen in uitgewerkt. Ik behaalde m.b.v. deze samenvatting een 18/20.
1. OXIDATIE, REDUCTIE, REDOXREACTIE, REDOXKOPPEL................................................................................ 5
1.1 REDOXKOPPEL ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2. KWALITATIEVE STUDIE VAN DE STERKTE VAN REDUCTOREN EN OXIDATOREN .................................................. 6
2.1 METALEN ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 NIET-METALEN ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3. KWANTITATIEVE STUDIE VAN DE STERKTE VAN REDUCTOREN EN OXIDATOREN: DE ELEKTRODEPOTENTIAAL ........... 9
3.1 NORMPOTENTIAAL OF STANDAARDELEKTRODEPOTENTIAAL E° ....................................................................... 9
3.2 DE NERST VERGELIJKING ....................................................................................................................... 11
Aanvulling aan de wet van Nernst: verband tussen E°-waardes........................................................... 13
3.3 FORMELE POTENTIAAL .......................................................................................................................... 16
4. ELEKTROCHEMISCHE CELLEN ............................................................................................................. 16
Galvanische cel...................................................................................................................................... 17
Elektrolyse cel ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Reversiebele chemische cel .................................................................................................................. 18
Irreversiebele chemische cel ................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 NOTATIE ELEKTROCHEMISCHE CEL = CELDIAGRAM...................................................................................... 19
4.2 DANIELL CEL........................................................................................................................................ 21
5. DE BRONSPANNING OF CELPOTENTIAAL VAN EEN ELEKTROCHEMISCHE CEL................................................... 22
6. BEREKENING VAN EVENWICHTSCONSTANTEN VAN REDOXREACTIES............................................................ 26
7. DISMUTATIE OF DISPROPORTIONERING ............................................................................................... 29
8. VISUELE VOORSTELLING VAN REDOXPROCESSEN .................................................................................... 30
8.1 VERDELINGSCOËFFICIENTEN EN VERDELINGSDIAGRAMMEN VOOR REDOXKOPPELS ........................................... 30
Voor zuren en basen (ter verduidelijking)............................................................................................. 30
Voor redoxreacties ................................................................................................................................ 30
8.2 REDOX DOMINATIE DIAGRAMMEN .......................................................................................................... 32
Het redox dominantie gebied voor water ............................................................................................. 34
Opstellen van redox dominantie diagrammen ..................................................................................... 35
8.3 INVLOED VAN DE PH OP REDOX DOMINANTIE DIAGRAMMEN: PH-POTENTIAAL DIAGRAMMEN OF POURBAIX
DIAGRAMMEN ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Algemeen Pourbaix diagram ................................................................................................................. 39
1. INLEIDING..................................................................................................................................... 97
2. REFERENTIE ELEKTRODES.................................................................................................................. 99
2.1 KALOMEL ELEKTRODE ........................................................................................................................... 99
2.2 ZILVER/ZILVERCHLORIDE ELEKTRODE...................................................................................................... 100
2.3 VERGELIJKING MET SHE ...................................................................................................................... 100
3. INDICATOR ELEKTRODES................................................................................................................. 101
3.1 METALLISCHE INDICATOR ELEKTRODES ................................................................................................... 101
Inerte redox elektrodes ...................................................................................................................... 101
Elektrodes van de eerste soort ........................................................................................................... 101
Elektrodes van de tweede soort ......................................................................................................... 102
Elektrodes van de derde soort ............................................................................................................ 103
3.2 MEMBRAAN ELEKTRODES (ION GEVOELIGE ELEKTRODES = ISE) .................................................................. 109
De pH glas elektrode ........................................................................................................................... 110
Glas elektrodes voor de bepaling van andere kationen dan protonen ............................................... 116
Vloeibare membraan elektrodes en polymeer membraan elektrodes ............................................... 116
Kristallijne membraan elektrodes ....................................................................................................... 117
Elektrode systemen voor moleculen................................................................................................... 118
3.3 ISFET = ION SENSITIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR .................................................................................... 120
4. DE METING VAN CEL POTENTIALEN ................................................................................................... 121
5. RECHTSTREEKSE POTENTIOMETRIE ................................................................................................... 122
5.1 VERGELIJKING VOOR RECHTSTREEKSE POTENTIOMETRIE ............................................................................ 122
5.2 DE ELEKTRODE KALIBRATIE METHODE .................................................................................................... 122
5.3 DE STANDAARD ADDITIE METHODE ....................................................................................................... 123
5.4 POTENTIOMETRISCHE PH BEPALING MET BEHULP VAN EEN GLAS ELEKTRODE ................................................ 125
5.5 TOEPASSING: DE I-STAT DRAAGBARE KLINISCHE ANALYZER. ...................................................................... 125
1. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................... 140
2. ELEKTROGRAVIMETRIE ZONDER CONTROLE VAN DE POTENTIAAL VAN DE WERKELEKTRODE ............................ 141
3. GECONTROLEERDE POTENTIAAL ELEKTROGRAVIMETRIE OF POTENTIOSTATISCHE ELEKTROGRAVIMETRIE ........... 143
1. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................... 156
2. EXCITATIE PATRONEN .................................................................................................................... 156
3. LINEAIRE EXCITATIE....................................................................................................................... 157
3.1 ELEKTRODES IN VOLTAMMETRIE. .......................................................................................................... 157
3.2 VOLTAMMOGRAM ............................................................................................................................. 158
3.3 HYDRODYNAMISCHE VOLTAMMETRIE .................................................................................................... 160
Concentratie profielen ter hoogte van voltammetrische elektrodes gedurende een elektrolyse...... 160
Voltammetrische stromen .................................................................................................................. 165
Verband stroom-spanning voor reversiebele reacties ........................................................................ 166
Verband stroom-spanning voor irreversiebele reacties ..................................................................... 167
Voltammogrammen bij mengsels ....................................................................................................... 168
Anodische en gemengd anodisch/kathodische voltammogrammen.................................................. 169
Zuurstofgolven .................................................................................................................................... 171
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