Exam (elaborations)
ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
- Course
- Institution
ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 selective breeding (artificial selection) - ANSWER the process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders Gregor Mendel (1822 -1884) - ANSWER Amateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea -plant experiments and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics" modern genetics - ANSWER the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics bacterial transforming principle - ANSWER an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat -killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non -virulent strain into a pathogenic one. Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - ANSWER biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment. Hershey and Chase (1952) - ANSWER concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein. Edwin Chargaff - ANSWER Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base -pairing rule for DNA). Frederick Griffith (1928) - ANSWER British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically genome - ANSWER the complete set of genetic information carried by a species vertical transmission - ANSWER gene transmission between organisms without parental reproduction horizontal transmission - ANSWER gene transmission from parents to their offspring through reproduction (aka person -to-person) DNA replication - ANSWER the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself. transcription - ANSWER synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template mRNA (messenger RNA) - ANSWER a single -stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein hereditary material - ANSWER the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans). Pauling and Corey (1951) - ANSWER biological researchers who provided the basis for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid) Watson and Crick (1953) - ANSWER the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of DNA nucleotide - ANSWER a building block of DNA, consisting of a five -carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. genes - ANSWER DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. chromosomes - ANSWER a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. nucleoid - ANSWER a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. diploid - ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n) haploid - ANSWER an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n) gametes - ANSWER human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes homologous chromosomes - ANSWER matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism Chargaff's Rule - ANSWER A=T and C=G locus - ANSWER position of a gene on a chromosome Meselson and Stahl (1958) - ANSWER Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N All the DNA incorporated 15N Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals central dogma - ANSWER theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins translation - ANSWER decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain initiation of translation - ANSWER mRNA is attached to a subunit of the ribosome, the first codon is always AUG template strand - ANSWER the strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule nontemplate strand - ANSWER The un -transcribed partner of the template strand of DNA used in transcription. RNA polymerase - ANSWER enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template.The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Performance. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now