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NURS 3128 Exam 2— Musculoskeletal (1).
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NURS 3128 Exam 2— Musculoskeletal (1).
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infants, children, and adolescents developmental considerations - CORRECTANSWER-bone growth:
rapid in infancy, steady in childhood, rapid in adolescent
completed by age 20
ligaments are stronger than bone, until adolescence
muscle fibers lengthen: gradually through childhood, but increased during adolescent
growth spurt
pregnancy developmental considerations - CORRECT ANSWER--increased
hormones-increased mobility of joints
-lordosis (r/t enlarging fetus)
-waddling gait
older adult developmental considerations - CORRECT ANSWER--postural
changes—kyphosis, loss of height
-bone mass: peaks around 25-35 y/o (age 40: loss of bone matrix occurs more
rapidly than new bone formation
-distribution of subq fat changes (less in face, more in hips)
-muscle mass decreases
-loss of bone density: risk for fractures, osteoporosis
lifestyle affects on musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWER--improved balance
-increased skeletal muscle mass
, -helps delay/prevent osteoporosis
-increased endurance
-improved posture and flexibility
-all of which help reduce falls and injuries
review with patient history - CORRECT ANSWER--joint problems/pain (OPQRSTU)
-muscle problems/pain (myalgia)
-bone problems/pain
-functional assessment
-self care behaviors
inspection of musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWER-note size, contour, swelling,
color, masses/deformity
joint enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER--bouchard's and heberden's
-ulnar drift, swann neck deformities
palpation of musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWER-palpate each joint and note:
-exact location of any pain
-temperature
-muscle strength/structure
-bony articulations
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