AMR Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAntimicrobial Resistance - ANSWER-Ability of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working agains...
AMR Final Exam Questions and Answers
100% Correct
Antimicrobial Resistance - ANSWER-Ability of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working against it
Community-Acquired Infection - ANSWER-Infection acquired from communal setting
Healthcare-Acquired Infection - ANSWER--Nosocomial Infection
-Infection caught in healthcare setting
Multilocus Sequence Typing - ANSWER-Method of isolating bacterial isolate by measuring DNA sequence variation in housekeeping genes
Most Probable Number - ANSWER-Method to estimate number of bacteria in liquid sample based on number of dilutions needed to detect no growth
Bacteriocidal Antibiotics - ANSWER-Kill bacteris
Bacteriostatic Antibiotics - ANSWER-Inhibit bacterial growth
Narrow Spectrum - ANSWER-Kill specific organism
Broad Spectrum - ANSWER-Kill range of bacteria
Synergistic Effect - ANSWER-Combined potency of combination drugs higher than sum of individual potencies
Pan-Resistance - ANSWER-Bacteria that are resistant to last-reserve antibiotics
AMR Consequences in Healthcare - ANSWER--Higher hospital costs
-Increased mortality
-Increasing AMR
AMR Water Transmission - ANSWER--10-90% excreted as urine
-Wastewater sludge and manure used as fertiliser
Human Exposure from Environment - ANSWER--What we eat
-Where we live
-What we do
-What we drink
Ernest Duchesne - ANSWER--First discovery of penicillin -1897
AMR Contributors - ANSWER--Antibiotic Use
-Lack of antibiotics
-Poor sanitation
-Use in agriculture -Inadequate infection controls in healthcare facilities
Antibiotic Underuse - ANSWER-Not finishing prescribed antibiotics
Antibiotic Use - ANSWER-Increases risk for other infections
Antibiotic Overuse - ANSWER-25-75% of prescriptions not necessary
Antibiotic Use in Farming - ANSWER--Growth promoters
-Infection control
FDA in 1951 - ANSWER-Approved antibiotic use for farming
Antibiotic Use in Animals - ANSWER-70% of antibiotics
UN in 2016 - ANSWER-Declared antibiotic use in animals leading cause of resistance
Agricultural Antibiotic Consequences - ANSWER--Enhanced AMR -Transmission of resistant bacteria to humans -Contamination of environment
-Emergence of novel AMR -Negative effects on human health
Problems with Eliminating Antibiotics in Agriculture - ANSWER--Loss of profit -Ease of access
Major Reservoirs of AMR - ANSWER--Food Animals -Pets -Humans
Transmission of AMR in Air - ANSWER--Soil
-Leaves
-Water
-Humans
-Wastewater
-Waste
-Compost
Colony Forming Units - ANSWER-Estimates number of viable bacteria assuming 1 bacterium = 1 colony Alexander Fleming - ANSWER--Rediscovery of penicillin
-1928
Class B Beta-Lactamases - ANSWER-Carbapenemases
2-Component Regulatory System - ANSWER-Signalling cascade that allows cells to sense outside environment and respond accordingly
AmpG-AmpR-AmpC Pathway - ANSWER--Muropeptides transported into cytoplasm by AmpG
-NagZ removes NAG and rest interacts with regulator AmpR -Activates AmpC transcription which is beta-lactamase gene
Cecil George Paine - ANSWER-1st clinical use of penicillin using crude extracts
Howard Florey - ANSWER-Successfully isolated penicillin and demonstrated clinical potential
Ernest Chain - ANSWER--Vital in isolation of penicillin -1940: penicillin as chemotherapeutic agent
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - ANSWER--Discovered structure of penicillin using X-ray crystallography
-1945
Penicillin Commercially Available - ANSWER-1943
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWER--Beta-lactams -Glycopeptides -Cycloserine -Fosfomycin
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWER--Chloramphenicol
-Oxazolidinones -Tetracyclines
-Macrolides
-Aminoglycosides
RNA Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWER-Ansamycins
Bacterial DNA Replication Inhibitors - ANSWER-Quinolones
Folic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWER--Sulfa-drugs -Trimethoprim
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NursingTutor1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
