AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Antibiotic resistance...
AMR Study Questions with 100% Correct
Answers Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but the _______ of drugs in humans and animals accelerates the process. - ANSWER-underuse, use, overuse
On average, how long does it take for the development of clinical resistance to an antibiotic? - ANSWER-8 years
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare: - ANSWER-Antibiotic use and availability, poor sanitation, inadequate infection controls
The use of antibiotics in farm animals has been ________ in 1951. - ANSWER-
approved
What are reasons that make it difficult to eliminate antibiotics from their use in farm animals? - ANSWER-Loss of profit to animal farming companies, loss of profit to pharmaceutical companies, easy access to antibiotics
Major host reservoirs that are exposed to antibiotic selective pressure include the following: - ANSWER-food and humans
What is the problem associated with citrus greening disease? - ANSWER-Farmers have
an option for spraying their crops with antibiotics to control the disease and that scientists are concerned the bacteria will mutate and infect humans
Johnny picked up MRSA infection when he got injured during his baseball practice. This
is a _________ acquired infection. - ANSWER-Community
According to WHO, AMR is one of the biggest threats to global health and food security today. - ANSWER-True
T/F VRSA is as prevalent as HA-MRSA - ANSWER-False
T/F Clinical ecosystem is the major reservoir of AMR - ANSWER-False
What is an example of low selection pressure AMR reaervoir? - ANSWER-Soil
Reasons antibiotics are used in food animals: - ANSWER-growth promotion, infection control
T/F. All strains of mold produce penicillin - ANSWER-False The structure of B-lactam antibiotics resemble: - ANSWER-A house
B-lactam antibiotics are characterized by: - ANSWER-a 5 member ring containing a nitrogen
Penicillinases are - ANSWER-enzymes that deactivate penicillin
What is the function of D-ala-D-ala dipeptide? - ANSWER-Peptidoglycan terminus
T/F Clavams are very potent antibiotics. - ANSWER-False
What antibiotic attaches to the D-ala-D-ala end of peptidoglycan like a cap? - ANSWER-
Vancomycin
What is the function of the penicillin binding protein? - ANSWER-To crosslink peptidoglycan
What antibiotic is a 5 member ring containing an oxygen and a nitrogen, with an amino group and carbonyl group. - ANSWER-cycloserine
T/F. Carbapenems are effective against at 98% of hospital- isolates. There is special caution in using this type of antibiotic to avoid developing resistance. - ANSWER-True
Antibiotics are being discovered, but not developed. Some difficulties associated with antibiotic development include: - ANSWER-- Drug development takes between 10-20 years
- Drug development can cost over $2 Billion
- 90% of drugs fail clinical trials
T/F The majority of antibiotic classes were developed during the Golden Age of antibiotics. Since then, very few new classes were introduced into clinical use. - ANSWER-true
Polymixins and daptomycin are examples of : - ANSWER-Lipopeptides
T/F Only some antibiotics affect human microbiome. - ANSWER-False
Vancomycin causes kidney damage in 5-43% of patients. With such high incidence of a serious side effect, vancomycin is still being used because: - ANSWER-- It's effective against MDR bacteria
- It's a last resort antibiotic
MIC stands for_____________________________________________? - ANSWER-
minimum inhibitory concentration
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