Application Programming Interface (API) - ANSWER A set of software routines that allows one software system to work with another.
Blocks of code that the CPU recognizes
Ex. Microsoft Direct X
Authentication - ANSWER The process of identifying a computer user, based on a login or username and p...
CPT 101 Concepts Exam 2 100% Verified
Application Programming Interface (API) - ANSWER A set of software routines that allows one software system to work with another.
Blocks of code that the CPU recognizes
Ex. Microsoft Direct X
Authentication - ANSWER The process of identifying a computer user, based on a login or username and password. The computer system determines whether the computer user is authorized and what level of access is to be granted on the network.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) - ANSWER A program that manages the data between a computer's operating system and all the input and output devices attached to
the computer; also responsible for loading the operating system (OS) from its permanent location on the hard drive to random access memory (RAM).
Boot Process - ANSWER The process for loading the operating system (OS) into random access memory (RAM) when the computer is turned on.
Cluster - ANSWER The smallest increment in which data is stored on hard disks; hard disks are divided into tracks, then wedges, then sectors, then clusters.
command-driven interface - ANSWER Interface between user and computer in which the user enters commands to communicate with the computer system.
device driver - ANSWER Software that facilitates the communication between a device and the operating system.
Directory - ANSWER A hierarchical structure that include files, folders, and drives used to create a more organized and efficient computer.
Drives, Libraries, Folders, Subfolders, Files
Disk Cleanup - ANSWER a Windows utility that removes unnecessary files from the hard drive
Disk Defragmentation - ANSWER The process of regrouping related pieces of files on the hard drive, enabling faster retrieval of the data.
Distributions (distros) - ANSWER Linux download packages
event - ANSWER The result of an action, such as a keystroke, mouse click, or signal to the printer, in the respective device (keyboard, mouse, or printer) to which the operating
system responds. extension (file type) - ANSWER In a file name, the three letters that follow the user-
supplied file name after the dot (.); the extension identifies what kind of family of files the
file belongs to, or which application should be used to read the file.
file - ANSWER A collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference.
*Treated as a single unit*
Stored on permanent storage device
file compression utility - ANSWER A program that takes out redundancies in a file in order to reduce the file size.
File Explorer - ANSWER The main tool for finding, viewing, and managing the contents of your computer by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file; called Windows Explorer prior to Windows 8.
File History - ANSWER A Windows utility that automatically creates a duplicate of your libraries, desktop, contacts, and favorites and copies it to another storage device, such as an external hard drive.
File Management - ANSWER The process by which humans or computer software provide organizational structure to a computer's contents.
file name - ANSWER The first part of the label applied to a file; it is generally the name a user assigns to the file when saving it.
file path - ANSWER The exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is
located, and including all folders and subfolders.
folder - ANSWER A collection of files stored on a computer.
google chrome os - ANSWER web based OS
Graphical User Interface (GUI) - ANSWER Unlike the command- and menu-driven interfaces used in earlier software, GUIs display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor, making them much more user friendly.
interrupt - ANSWER A signal that tells the operating system that it's in need of immediate attention.
interrupt handler - ANSWER A special numerical code that prioritizes requests from various devices. These requests then are placed in the interrupt table in the computer's primary memory.
kernel (supervisor program) - ANSWER The essential component of the operating system that is responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system. Because it stays in random access memory (RAM) the entire time the
computer is powered on, the kernel is called memory resident.
Linux - ANSWER An open source operating system based on UNIX. Because of the stable nature of this operating system, it is often used on Web servers.
Machine Learning - ANSWER A form of artificial intelligence that provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed
MacOS - ANSWER The first commercially available operating system to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) with user-friendly point-and-click technology.
menu-driven interface - ANSWER A user interface in which the user chooses a command from menus displayed on the screen.
Microsoft account - ANSWER Registered user profile with specific user id and password
to log into Windows account from any machine and access familiar desktop and applications.
mobile operating system - ANSWER An operating system that includes many features of personal computer operating systems but are modified to be more functional on handheld devices
Multitask - ANSWER The ability of an operating system to perform more than one process at a time.
multiuser operating system (network operating system) - ANSWER An operating system
that enables more than one user to access the computer system at one time by efficiently juggling all the requests from multiple users.
natural language processing - ANSWER uses AI techniques to enable computers to generate and understand natural human languages, such as English
Operating System (OS) - ANSWER The system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software.
Paging - ANSWER The process of swapping data or instructions that have been placed in the swap file for later use back into active random access memory (RAM). The contents of the hard drive's swap file then become less active data or instructions.
path separator - ANSWER The backslash mark (\) used by Microsoft Windows and DOS in file names. Mac files use a colon (:), and UNIX and Linux use the forward slash (/) as the path separator.
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