NURS 247 Exam 2 Practice Questions and Verified Answers What is alopecia? ✅baldness, hair loss What does annular mean? ✅circular shape to skin lesion What are some of the functions of the skin? ✅can adapt to environment to deal with heat and cold, guards our body from environmental stressors, trauma, pathogens, dirt What is the epidermis? ✅most superficial layer of skin, highly differentiated, thin, tough, avascular, made up of protein keratin with melanocytes What is the dermis? ✅directly deep to the epidermis, supportive layer, connective tissue/collagen, elastic, contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics What is underneath the skin? ✅Subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, made up of lobules of fat cells, stores far for energy, provides insulation, protection/cushion, mobility over structures underneath What is vellus? ✅fine, faint hair covers most of the body except palms, soles, dorsa of fingertips, umbilicus, penis, labia What is terminal hair? ✅darker, thicker hair that grows on eyebrows, scalp, and after puberty in axilla, pubic area & chest/face in the male What are sebaceous glands? ✅(lubricates skin) produce protective lipid substance, sebum secreted through hair follicles, oils and lubricates, prevents water loss, everywhere except palms and soles What are sweat glands? ✅Eccrine: coiled, openly directly on skin surface, produce sweat Apocrine: (more active during puberty) produce thick milky solution, open into hair follicles, secretion occurs with emotional and sexual stimulation Are nails vascular or avascular? ✅highly vascular under nails What could you do if nail matrix becomes damaged and often infected? ✅go in and kill nail matrix so that the nail will no longer grow True/False: Sometimes skin can signal that there is a systemic issue. ✅True Functions of skin include? ✅Protection (from injury) Prevents penetration (microbes, prevents water loss) Perception (touch, pain, temp, pressure) Temperature Regulation (heat dissipation/storage) Identification (facial characteristics) Communication (blushing, blanching) Wound repair (cell replacement) Absorption & Excretion (excretion of metabolic wastes) Production of Vitamin D (UV light converts cholesterol into VD) What is lanugo? ✅fine downy hair that covers most newborns at birth What is vernix caseosa? ✅thick, cheesy substance, sebum & shed epithelial cells What can cause milia/cradle cap in infants? ✅excess sebum to prevent fluid loss the first few weeks What is the dark line across belly when pregnant called? ✅Linea nigra What is the technical term used for stretch marks? ✅Striae Gravidarum What happens to aging skin? ✅loss of elastin, collagen, and subcutaneous fat, more risk for trauma, thinning skin, decrease in vascularity and nutrients What is melasma? ✅Dark pigment on face What is pseudo -folliculitis? ✅Almost infected hair follicles, more of an inflammatory response What is xerosis? ✅dry skin What is seborrhea? ✅oily skin What is pruritis? ✅itchy skin Lung disease can? ✅change shape of the nails What is some subjective data for skin? ✅hyper or hypo pigmentation tattoos present jaundice cyanosis pigmented lesions (mole) frost on skin (uremia=kidney failure)
