MFT Module2 Exam Questions and
answers
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - -The energy currency in the body. Small amounts are stored in the skeletal muscles, but most must be continuously be produced, broken down and replenished to supply energy for muscle contraction. -How is ATP made available - -ATP is made slowly and continuously with a steady supply of oxygen (long-term) and quickly (short-term) without oxygen. -How is energy derived - -Energy is derived from the breakdown of the following compounds: carbohydrates, fats and proteins (emergency source). -In what form is the energy used for muscle contraction - -This energy cannot be used directly for mechanical work. It must be first converted into the chemical energy of another compound: adenosine triphosphate or ATP. ATP is the only chemical form of energy that the muscles can directly use for contraction. -ATP Synthesis - -ATP consists of a large molecule called adenosine (AD) and three simpler components called phosphate groups (P). The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is used to perform biological work. The building blocks for ATP synthesis are the by-products of its breakdown, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The energy for ATP resynthesis comes from the breakdown of foods and phosphocreatine. -What is beta oxidation? - -Beta-oxidation is a process where fatty acid molecules are split to generate molecules that can be used by the Krebs Cycle. This process essentially allows the use of fats as an energy source. -What is the Krebs cycle? - -Krebs Cycle uses precursors from Glycolysis to generate a small amount ATP as well as other "currency" products that are fed into the Electron Transport System to be "cashed in" for ATP. -Phosphagen system - -The phosphagen system consists of the supplies of ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr), also referred to as creatine phosphate, that is stored in the muscle. A low quantity rapidly available energy system that allows for instantaneous source of energy during an onset of exercise. -What is triglyceride - -Fat is stored in the body containing one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids molecules bound to it. -Define Fat - -Derivative of fatty acids and glycerol used in both structural and metabolic function. -What is fatigue - -Muscular fatigue is the inability to maintain a given exercise intensity. Fatigue is characterized by a diminished work capacity, usually short of true physiological limits. Fatigue is task specific and its causes are many. The limitations of one's ability to maintain muscular contraction at a given level of force could lie in one or more of the following: •the central nervous system •the motor nerve •the neuromuscular junction •the muscle(s) -What is cardiovascular disease - -Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a disease of the heart and/or blood vessels. -How does exercise positively affect CV disease risk - -It can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in some people. -What is the purpose and objective of AR 600-9 (Army Body Composition Program) - -The purpose of AR 600-9is to establish policy and procedure for the implementation of the Army Body Composition Program. The primary objective of the Army Body Composition Program is to insure that all Soldiers: •Achieve and maintain optimal well-being and performance under all conditions •Assist in establishing and maintaining: - Operational Readiness - Physical Fitness - Health - Professional Military Appearance - IAW AR 670-1 - Establish body fat standards - Provide procedures by which personnel are counseled to assist in meeting ABCP standards
answers
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - -The energy currency in the body. Small amounts are stored in the skeletal muscles, but most must be continuously be produced, broken down and replenished to supply energy for muscle contraction. -How is ATP made available - -ATP is made slowly and continuously with a steady supply of oxygen (long-term) and quickly (short-term) without oxygen. -How is energy derived - -Energy is derived from the breakdown of the following compounds: carbohydrates, fats and proteins (emergency source). -In what form is the energy used for muscle contraction - -This energy cannot be used directly for mechanical work. It must be first converted into the chemical energy of another compound: adenosine triphosphate or ATP. ATP is the only chemical form of energy that the muscles can directly use for contraction. -ATP Synthesis - -ATP consists of a large molecule called adenosine (AD) and three simpler components called phosphate groups (P). The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is used to perform biological work. The building blocks for ATP synthesis are the by-products of its breakdown, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The energy for ATP resynthesis comes from the breakdown of foods and phosphocreatine. -What is beta oxidation? - -Beta-oxidation is a process where fatty acid molecules are split to generate molecules that can be used by the Krebs Cycle. This process essentially allows the use of fats as an energy source. -What is the Krebs cycle? - -Krebs Cycle uses precursors from Glycolysis to generate a small amount ATP as well as other "currency" products that are fed into the Electron Transport System to be "cashed in" for ATP. -Phosphagen system - -The phosphagen system consists of the supplies of ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr), also referred to as creatine phosphate, that is stored in the muscle. A low quantity rapidly available energy system that allows for instantaneous source of energy during an onset of exercise. -What is triglyceride - -Fat is stored in the body containing one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids molecules bound to it. -Define Fat - -Derivative of fatty acids and glycerol used in both structural and metabolic function. -What is fatigue - -Muscular fatigue is the inability to maintain a given exercise intensity. Fatigue is characterized by a diminished work capacity, usually short of true physiological limits. Fatigue is task specific and its causes are many. The limitations of one's ability to maintain muscular contraction at a given level of force could lie in one or more of the following: •the central nervous system •the motor nerve •the neuromuscular junction •the muscle(s) -What is cardiovascular disease - -Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a disease of the heart and/or blood vessels. -How does exercise positively affect CV disease risk - -It can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in some people. -What is the purpose and objective of AR 600-9 (Army Body Composition Program) - -The purpose of AR 600-9is to establish policy and procedure for the implementation of the Army Body Composition Program. The primary objective of the Army Body Composition Program is to insure that all Soldiers: •Achieve and maintain optimal well-being and performance under all conditions •Assist in establishing and maintaining: - Operational Readiness - Physical Fitness - Health - Professional Military Appearance - IAW AR 670-1 - Establish body fat standards - Provide procedures by which personnel are counseled to assist in meeting ABCP standards
