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NBME CBSE PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
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NBME CBSE PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
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NBME CBSE: PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES PT. 1Terms in this set (160)
Description of clinical findings/symptoms for several
What is a case series?
patients with the same diagnosis, treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional Assesses the frequency of disease and risk-related
study? factors in the present.
Retrospectively compares a group of people with a
What is a case-control
disease to a group without the disease to determine if
study?
odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
Compares a group of people with a given exposure/risk
factor to a group without exposure to determine if the
What is a cohort study?
exposure/risk factor is associated with later
development of disease.
Compares the frequency with which both monozygotic
What is a twin concordance twins vs both dizygotic twins develop the same disease
study? to measure heritability and influence of environmental
factors.
Compares behavioral traits/genetics in siblings raised by
What is an adoption study? biological vs adoptive parents to measure heritability
and influence of environmental factors.
Compares the frequency of disease and risk-related
What is an ecological
factors across populations to measure population data
study?
(not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic An experimental study involving humans that compares
trial? the benefits of two or more interventions.
What are the criteria for a Randomized, controlled, and double-blinded
high-quality clinical trial?
, What is a crossover clinical Compares the effect of multiple treatments on a subject
trial?
What is the purpose of To avoid bias
randomizing the order of
treatments in a crossover
trial?
What is a washout period in A period between treatments to eliminate any lingering
a crossover trial? effects
What is the advantage of Subjects serve as their own controls
using a crossover trial?
What is the intention-to- Analyzing all subjects according to their original
treat analysis? assigned treatment
What is the purpose of To avoid bias from attrition, crossover, and
intention-to-treat analysis? noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of May dilute the true effects of the intervention
intention-to-treat analysis?
What is the as-treated Analyzing subjects according to the treatment they
analysis? actually received
What is the disadvantage of Increases the risk of bias
as-treated analysis?
What is the per-protocol Excluding subjects who did not complete the originally
analysis? assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of Increases the risk of bias
per-protocol analysis?
What are the five phases of Preclinical, Phase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, Phase 4
clinical trials?
What happens in the Testing the drug in lab animals and in vitro
preclinical phase of clinical
trials?
What happens in Phase 0 of Initial assessment of pharmacokinetics and
clinical trials? pharmacodynamics via microdosing
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