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PLTW_ Biomedical Science - Unit 4_ Heart Disease (1
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PLTW_ Biomedical Science - Unit 4_ Heart Disease (1
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PLTW: Biomedical Science - Unit 4: Heart DiseaseActivity 4.1.1 - Which chamber of the heart do you think is the most muscular? Explain your
reasoning. - ANS-The chamber of the heart that I think is the most muscular is the left ventricle
since it is in charge pumping blood through the aorta. This job is what supplies blood to the rest
of the body, so it needs the most muscle to pump blood through the rest of the body.
Activity 4.1.1 - A growing fetus has a vessel, the ductus arteriosus, in the heart that connects
the pulmonary artery with the aorta and conducts blood directly from the right ventricle to the
aorta. Why do you think this vessel closes soon after birth? - ANS-I think that the ductus
arteriosus vessel closes so that it could have a full separation between oxygenated blood and
deoxygenated blood. The right atrium and ventricle are supposed to transport the deoxygenated
blood, and the left atrium and ventricle are supposed to transport the oxygenated blood and
then transfer to the aorta, where the blood will go to the rest of the body.
Activity 4.1.1 - In most of the body, the arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins carry
deoxygenated blood. The exception to this pattern is the heart. Explain how and why specific
arteries and veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of the body. -
ANS-Specific arteries and veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of the
body because in exception to the heart, the pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart which is different from the rest of the body since the veins are supposed to
carry deoxygenated blood. Thus this is why the patterns that are seen differ from the rest of the
body.
Activity 4.1.1 - Describe the mechanisms in place to prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong
direction through the heart. - ANS-The mechanisms in place to prevent the blood from flowing in
the wrong direction through the heart are the valves, so that it could prevent the blood from
flowing in the wrong direction. There valves are also present in the connecting arteries, and
keep the blood moving in the right direction.
Activity 4.1.1 - Explain what happens to tissues, such as the heart, or the brain, if oxygenated
blood is not delivered in a timely manner. - ANS-If oxygenated blood is not delivered in a timely
manner, then the tissue will begin to die since oxygenated blood is not delivered. However, if the
tissues were to die, then the organs would fail which will result in the death of the body since it
would be unable to operate and function properly. This is especially prevalent in the brain, as
brain tissues rely heavily on oxygen, and significant brain damage can result without the needed
oxygen.
Activity 4.1.2 - What are two differences you see when comparing the four chambers of the
heart? Relate these differences to the function of each chamber. - ANS-The two differences that
I see when comparing the four chambers of the heart are that the left chambers are larger than
, the right chambers. The function of the right atrium and ventricle is to transport deoxidized
blood, while the left atrium and ventricle functions for transporting of oxidized blood.
Activity 4.1.2 - Describe how the structure of the aorta relates to its function in the heart. -
ANS-The structure of the aorta relates to its function in the heart because the aorta is a tube
that transports the oxidized blood to the rest of the body, thus it needs to be big since it must be
able to push blood flow throughout the entirety of the body.
Activity 4.1.2 - What structural differences did you notice between arteries and veins? Relate
these differences to the function of the vessels. - ANS-The structural differences that I noticed
between the arteries and veins are that the arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins,
since a large amount of smooth muscle is prevalent in arteries, which gives them strength and
elasticity to deal with the surges of blood from the heart. The veins have valves within them to
prevent backflow of blood so that it could ensure that your blood is pumping and circulating
throughout your body properly. In addition, veins have wider inner diameters which means that
they can hold more blood, and since it would be impossible to get the blood back to the heart as
quickly as it left the heart, the veins would thus have to contain more blood than the arteries.
Activity 4.1.2 - Anna's autopsy report noted mitral valve prolapse. This means that the mitral
valve does not close properly. Explain why this could be a problem. - ANS-If Anna had mitral
valve prolapse and the mitral valve does not close properly, then this could be a problem
because the valves are supposed to help the blood move in the right direction. However, if the
valves do not work properly then the blood will not move in the right direction, which would
result in the body not receiving the needed oxidized blood.
Activity 4.1.2 - Using what you have learned about the structure and function of the heart,
explain why left ventricular hypertrophy can be fatal if left untreated. - ANS-Using what I have
learned about the structure and the function of the heart, the left ventricular hypertrophy can be
fatal if left untreated because the enlarged muscle could lose elasticity and stiffen, which
prevents the chamber from filling properly and leading to increases pressure in the heart. This
could could be fatal because an enlarged muscle tissue compresses its own blood vessel
(coronary arteries) which could restrict its own supply of blood.
Activity 4.1.2 - Now that you have seen a heart up close, explain how the actual structure differs
from your heart box study tool. In the actual structure, the arteries and veins are different sizes.
The ventricles and atria are different sizes and thicknesses to comply to the needs of the right
and left parts of the heart. - ANS-The heart box shows the major blood vessels as tubes that
connect directly to the top or the bottom, while the actual heart has all the vessels towards the
top. The lower chambers of the heart also vary in size and thickness in an actual heart, unlike in
the heart box. Additionally, the major vessels do not go to strictly one side of the heart as it is in
the heart box, as the body and lungs are not simply just located on one side of the heart.
Activity 4.2.1 - Why do you think it is important to take an average resting heart rate versus
relying on one value alone? - ANS-I think that it is important to take an average resting rate
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