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PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 2 (1)
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PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 2 (1)
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PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 2Glucagon - ANS-raises blood sugar levels; antagonistic to insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test - ANS-tests the body's ability to metabolize glucose when a dose of
glucose is taken into the stomach. Then the glucose level is determined and detects diabetes.
Homeostasis - ANS-maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions
Hormone - ANS-a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a stimulating
effect on cells
Insulin - ANS-protein hormone secreted by pancreas that is essential for the breakdown of
glucose in the blood
Type 1 Diabetes - ANS-diabetes that develops during childhood and doesn't have enough
insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - ANS-diabetes that develops in adults and often in obese individuals; the body
is unable to cooperate with the insulin on the glucose
ATP - ANS-supplies energy for cellular processes
Dehydration synthesis - ANS-water is used to break apart 2 molecules
Ionic Bond - ANS-bond where there is an attraction between opposite charged atoms
A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors tell the
patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely has
______________. - ANS-Type 1 Diabetes
What is negative feedback? - ANS-A response to a change in the body that counteracts or
opposes the initial change.
What is positive feedback? - ANS-Feedback that increases the output of a process.
What is an example of positive feedback? - ANS-Blood clotting. The initial clotting triggers the
formation of more clots.
What is an example of negative feedback? - ANS-Insulin response to high blood sugar. If blood
sugar rises, insulin is released to lower blood sugar.
, An out of shape, overweight adult is told that they have developed diabetes. The patient most
likely has ______________. - ANS-Type 2 diabetes.
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce ______________. - ANS-Insulin
What explains the high blood sugar that results from Type 2 diabetes? - ANS-The pancreas
makes insulin, but it is not used effectively by the cell.
A protein hormone released by the pancreas used to control blood glucose levels. -
ANS-Insulin.
What is homeostasis? - ANS-The maintenance of stable physiological conditions (such as body
temperature) under changing environmental conditions.
What is the effect of a lack of insulin or insulin that does not work properly in the body? -
ANS-Blood sugar (glucose) levels build up.
Type 2 diabetes - ANS-Graph of Glucose Tolerance Test results
Type 1 diabetes - ANS-Graph of Insulin Concentration Test results
What are the units of food energy? - ANS-Calories
How are atoms held together? - ANS-Bonds from between outer shell electrons of atoms.
Where is the energy from food obtained? - ANS-Energy stored in bonds is released when bonds
are broken during digestion.
List the four macromolecules. - ANS-Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Which atoms make up lipids and carbohydrates? - ANS-C, H, O
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? - ANS-A monomer is a single
molecule that is a sub-unit of a polymer. A polymer results when monomers join together.
Is a lipid a polymer? - ANS-No, lipids are not made of sub-units joined together.
What are the building blocks of proteins? - ANS-Amino acids
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? - ANS-Monosaccharides or simple sugars
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