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PLTW Heart Disease (1)
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PLTW Heart Disease (1)
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PLTW Heart DiseaseWhich chamber of the heart do you think is the most muscular? Explain your reasoning. -
ANS-The left ventricle because it is in charge pumping blood through the aorta. This job is what
gives the rest of the blood to the body, so it needs the most muscle to pump the blood through
the rest of the body.
2. A growing fetus has a vessel, the ductus arteriosus, in the heart that connects the pulmonary
artery with the aorta and conducts blood directly from the right ventricle to the aorta. Why do
you think this vessel closes soon after birth? - ANS-The vessel closes to have full separation
between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. The right atrium and ventricle are
supposed to transport the deoxygenated blood, and the left atrium and ventricle are supposed
to transport the oxygenated blood and then transfer to the aorta, where the blood will go to the
rest of the body.
3. In most of the body, the arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins carry deoxygenated
blood. The exception to this pattern is the heart. Explain how and why specific arteries and
veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of the body. - ANS-In the
exception of the heart, pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
This is different from the rest of the body because the veins are supposed to carry
deoxygenated blood.
Describe the mechanisms in place to prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong direction
through the heart. - ANS-Valves prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong direction. There are
valves on the connecting arteries, and keep the blood moving in the right direction.
Explain what happens to tissues, such as the heart, or the brain, if oxygenated blood is not
delivered in a timely manner. - ANS-Tissue starts to die if oxygenated blood is not delivered. If
the tissue dies, then the organs will fail. If the organs fail then the body will not be able to
operate and die. This is especially in the brain, brain tissues rely on oxygen, and without,
significant brain damage can occur.
What are two differences you see when comparing the four chambers of the heart? Relate these
differences to the function of each chamber. - ANS-The left chambers are larger than the right
chambers. The right atrium and ventricle function is for transporting deoxidized blood, while the
left atrium and ventricle functions for transporting oxidized blood.
Describe how the structure of the aorta relates to its function in the heart. - ANS-The aorta is a
tube that transports the oxidized blood to the rest of the body. It needs to be bigger because it
must push all the blood through the rest of the body.
, What structural differences did you notice between arteries and veins? Relate these differences
to the function of the vessels. - ANS-Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins,
respectively. The increased amount of smooth muscle that is found in arteries gives them extra
strength and elasticity to deal with the surges of blood from the heart.
Veins have valves within them to prevent backflow of blood. Veins have wider inner diameters,
too, that means that they can hold more blood. Since it would be impossible anyway to get all
the blood back to the heart as quickly as it left the heart, the veins have to have more blood in
them than the arteries.
Anna's autopsy report noted mitral valve prolapse. This means that the mitral valve does not
close properly. Explain why this could be a problem. - ANS-The valves are supposed to help the
blood move in the right direction. If the valves do not work properly then the blood will not move
in the right direction, and the body will not get the oxidized blood it needs.
Using what you have learned about the structure and function of the heart, explain why left
ventricular hypertrophy can be fatal if left untreated. - ANS-The enlarged muscle loses elasticity
and stiffens, preventing the chamber from filling properly and leading to increased pressure in
the heart.
The enlarged muscle tissue compresses its own blood vessels (coronary arteries) and may
restrict its own supply of blood.
The overworked muscle weakens.
Now that you have seen a heart up close, explain how the actual structure differs from your
heart box study tool. - ANS-In the actual structure, the arteries and veins are different sizes. The
ventricles and atria are different sizes and thicknesses to comply to the needs of the right and
left parts of the heart.
Why do you think it is important to take an average resting heart rate versus relying on one
value - ANS-It is important to take an average heart rate because external factors can impact
the heart rate such as previous positions, temperature, previous physical activity, etc. This
average allows for a reliable heart rate.
What are some factors that can increase or decrease the heart rate and the beat you feel at
each pulse point? - ANS-• Raise - stimulants, emotions, drugs, activity
• Lower - position, drugs (depressants), alcohol
Propose reasons why the heart rates of different people are different when exposed to the same
stressor or to the same physical activity, even though their resting heart rates are the same -
ANS-People's heart rate may be different due to the way the brain may react to the stressor or
physical activity. It may also be different due to the physical health of the individual, and rather
they are healthy or not. These factors may all cause differences even if it is the same stressor.
At the time of her cardiac work-up, Anna Garcia had an average resting heart rate of 98bpm.
What does this say about her overall heart health? - ANS-It says overall that her heart is not at a
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