Exam (elaborations)
PN2006 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY SET
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PN2006 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY SETCardiovascular assessment - ANSWER - Health History
- vitals (BP, HR, sat O2)
Inspection:
- observation of skin color (emphysema, pallor/ cyanosis)
- JVD
- assess for DVT by observing calves for redness
Palpate:
- palpate apical and peripheral pulses;
- palpate for edema in the legs and feet;
- palpate skin for warmth in peripheral areas to include
nose, ear lobes, hands, and feet;
and palpating for warmth and tenderness;
- capillary refill in toes and fingers
Auscultation
- aortic, pulmonic, Erbs point, tricuspid and mitral
Respiratory Assessment - ANSWER - History
- Vitals ( SPO2, RR, BP, HR)
Inspection:
Cyanosis
Labored breathing
Diameter of chest
, Chest deformities and scars
Posture
Trachea position
Respiratory rate and effort
Duration of inspiration versus expiration
Thoracic expansion
Note pt extremities for clubbing, cyanosis, edema
Palpate:
- chest for any masses or indentation
- symmetry of the chest by breathing in.
Auscultation
Melanoma - ANSWER An aggressive form of skin cancer
dermatitis - ANSWER inflammation of the skin
petechiae - ANSWER Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin.
senile keratosis - ANSWER thickening of the skin
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER most common type of skin cancer (sun damage)
squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER Type of skin cancer more serious than basal
cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.
cerumen - ANSWER ear wax
caries - ANSWER cavities
orthopnea - ANSWER ability to breathe only in an upright position
vocal fermitus - ANSWER it usually refers to assessment of the lungs by either the
vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (tactile fremitus) and/or heard by a
stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words
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