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Summary Mesopotamia

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The document has summarised notes of history chapter 1

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  • July 25, 2024
  • 16
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
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Writing and city life

, E 3
mesos-middle ,
mesabotamia
potamos >
- river

↳ The land blu two rivers , Tigris & Euphrates
>
-
Mesopotamian Civilization is known for its prosperity , city life,

voluminous & rich literature , its mathematics and
astronomy
.
-
Writing and literature spread to eastern mediterranean ,

northern Syria and Turkey after 2000 BCE
.



- To pharaoh of Egypt in lang. & script of Mesopotamia


↳ & Sumer
The urbanized South of Mesopotamia was called Akkad .
-
After 2000 BCE after Babylon became an imp .
City , the term


Babylonia was used for the southern part.



When the assyrians established their
kingdom in north
,
the
region was known as Assyria.
>
-
First known
language
>
-
Sumerian
-
Sumerian Kadian around
was replaced by 2400 BCE
.

- ↳
Flourished till Alexander's

time (336-323 BCE)
↳ The Aramaic BCE
trickled in from 1400 and
language was

similar to Hebrew
very .




Archaeological sites of Mesopotamia
-
Uruk & Mary
-




Mesopotamia imp Europeans bec of references to it
-

was .
to

in the old testaments
.

-


Book of Genesise Shimar meaning sumer (as a land of
>
-
Acc . to the Bible -> The flood was brick built cities)

meant to
destroy Earth
the but God chose a man
,
Noah ,
to

Save the Earth
. Noah built a huge boat. He took a pair
of known species of animals & birds and saved .
them

>
- There was a similar story in Mesopotamin tradition
- Main character >
-
Uthapishtim or Zinsudra .

, mesopotamian geography

In the north-east
-
green undulating plants , gradually rising to tree

covered mountain ranges with clear streams and wild

flowers
.

>
-
agriculture began blu 7000 & 6000 BCE .




- In the north

>
- stretch of upland called "steppe". People earn more

from animal nerding than
agriculture there.

↳ To the east
-
Tributaries of tigris provide routes of communication

into the mountains of Iran
.

↳ The south


The South is a desert .
The first cities and writing engaged
in the south
.

>
- The desert could cities
:

support
>
- The rivers Euphrates and Tigris ,
which rise in the

northern mountains , carry loads of silt /fine mud).
>
-
When the rivers flood ,
the water is let out on the

field ,
fertile silt is deposited
.
-
After Euphrates enters the desert
,
the water flows out

into channels
. These channels flood banks and functioned
as
irrigation canals.



-
Agriculture of southern Mesopotamia was the most productive .

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