N450 Lab Quiz 2 SG
How is acid base status of the body regulated? - ANS-Buffers
Resp system (PaCO2)
Renal system (HCO3-)
What are buffers? - ANS-weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to
prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
What is the pH buffer formula? - ANS-H+ + HCO3- <-> H2CO3 <-> CO2 + H2O
What do kidneys regulate? - ANS-bicarbonate
What do lungs regulate? - ANS-carbon dioxide
What is the normal pH level of the body? - ANS-7.35-7.45
Respiratory contribution to pH balance? What measures respiratory regulation? -
ANS-Chemoreceptors sense pH and PaCO2
High carbonic acid level: rate and depth of respirations increase
Low carbonic acid: rate and depth of respirations decrease
PaCO2 regulates respiratory regulation
Renal contribution to pH balance? What measures renal regulation? - ANS-Kidneys can excrete
acid
Increase carbonic acid, kidneys excrete metabolic acids
HCO3 measures renal regulation
What happens to K in acidosis and alkalosis? - ANS-In acidosis, H+ moves into the cell to buffer
and K+ leaves cell, causing hyper K
In alkalosis, K+ is going into the cell, causing alkalosis
What happens if you are hyper K+? - ANS-more K is secreted and excreted in into the urine,
leaving more h+ which leads to acidosis
, vice versa with hypo k
Venous CO2 vs PaCO2? - ANS-venous is indirect measure, 2 mEq more
Why take arterial blood in an ABG? - ANS-determine acid base balance
determine oxygen status
helps determine CO
What is the normal PaCO2? - ANS-35-45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3? - ANS-24-28 mEq
What is the normal base excess? - ANS--2 to +2
What is the normal PaO2? - ANS-80-100 mmHg
What is the normal SaO2? - ANS-95-100%
What is pulse oximetry? - ANS-noninvasive measurement of peripheral arterial hemoglobin O2
saturation
What is a capnography? - ANS-noninvasive measurement of end tidal CO2, arterial CO2
What is carbon dioxide and bicarbonate? - ANS-CO2 is respiratory, more is acidotic
Bicarb is metabolic, less is acidotic
What are the symptoms of acidemia? - ANS-Decreased BP
Tachy
HA
Confusion
Asterixis
Coma
What is the CO2 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ANS-60 to 40 to 20
What is the HCO3 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ANS-18-24-30
What is is compensation? Example? - ANS-a secondary response to reverse abnormal trends
How is acid base status of the body regulated? - ANS-Buffers
Resp system (PaCO2)
Renal system (HCO3-)
What are buffers? - ANS-weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to
prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
What is the pH buffer formula? - ANS-H+ + HCO3- <-> H2CO3 <-> CO2 + H2O
What do kidneys regulate? - ANS-bicarbonate
What do lungs regulate? - ANS-carbon dioxide
What is the normal pH level of the body? - ANS-7.35-7.45
Respiratory contribution to pH balance? What measures respiratory regulation? -
ANS-Chemoreceptors sense pH and PaCO2
High carbonic acid level: rate and depth of respirations increase
Low carbonic acid: rate and depth of respirations decrease
PaCO2 regulates respiratory regulation
Renal contribution to pH balance? What measures renal regulation? - ANS-Kidneys can excrete
acid
Increase carbonic acid, kidneys excrete metabolic acids
HCO3 measures renal regulation
What happens to K in acidosis and alkalosis? - ANS-In acidosis, H+ moves into the cell to buffer
and K+ leaves cell, causing hyper K
In alkalosis, K+ is going into the cell, causing alkalosis
What happens if you are hyper K+? - ANS-more K is secreted and excreted in into the urine,
leaving more h+ which leads to acidosis
, vice versa with hypo k
Venous CO2 vs PaCO2? - ANS-venous is indirect measure, 2 mEq more
Why take arterial blood in an ABG? - ANS-determine acid base balance
determine oxygen status
helps determine CO
What is the normal PaCO2? - ANS-35-45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3? - ANS-24-28 mEq
What is the normal base excess? - ANS--2 to +2
What is the normal PaO2? - ANS-80-100 mmHg
What is the normal SaO2? - ANS-95-100%
What is pulse oximetry? - ANS-noninvasive measurement of peripheral arterial hemoglobin O2
saturation
What is a capnography? - ANS-noninvasive measurement of end tidal CO2, arterial CO2
What is carbon dioxide and bicarbonate? - ANS-CO2 is respiratory, more is acidotic
Bicarb is metabolic, less is acidotic
What are the symptoms of acidemia? - ANS-Decreased BP
Tachy
HA
Confusion
Asterixis
Coma
What is the CO2 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ANS-60 to 40 to 20
What is the HCO3 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ANS-18-24-30
What is is compensation? Example? - ANS-a secondary response to reverse abnormal trends
