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NR 576 NR576 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM 2024 STUDY GUIDE PASS WITH A GUARANTEED
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NR 576 NR576 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM 2024 STUDY GUIDE PASS WITH A GUARANTEED
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NR 576 \NR576 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM 2024 STUDY GUIDE PASSWITH A GUARANTEED
1. Pharmacokinetics
Question: What are the four primary phases of pharmacokinetics?
Answer: The four primary phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion. These phases describe how a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, distributed
throughout the body, metabolized (or broken down), and eventually excreted.
2. Pharmacodynamics
Question: What is the difference between a drug’s efficacy and its potency?
Answer: Efficacy refers to the maximum effect a drug can produce, while potency refers
to the amount of drug needed to achieve a given effect. A highly potent drug requires a
lower dose to produce the same effect as a less potent drug.
3. Drug Interactions
Question: What is a common mechanism of drug-drug interactions?
Answer: One common mechanism is the alteration of drug metabolism by affecting liver
enzyme activity, such as the cytochrome P450 system. This can lead to increased or
decreased levels of one or more drugs in the body.
4. Adverse Drug Reactions
Question: What is the difference between an adverse drug reaction and a side effect?
Answer: An adverse drug reaction is an unintended, harmful response to a medication at
normal doses, while a side effect is a secondary, often mild effect that occurs in addition
to the desired therapeutic effect. Adverse reactions are typically more serious than side
effects.
5. Clinical Application
Question: How would you approach prescribing medication to a patient with renal
impairment?
Answer: When prescribing medication to a patient with renal impairment, it's important
to consider dosage adjustments based on the degree of renal function. This often involves
reducing the dose or increasing the dosing interval to avoid accumulation and potential
toxicity.
6. Pharmacogenomics
Question: What role does pharmacogenomics play in personalized medicine?
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