1 / 32 BIOD 171 Final Exam

1 / 32 BIOD 171 Final Exam 1. True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism. 2. What is the smallest biological unit of life? 3. What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells? 4. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins? False (Viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.) A cell Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Car- bohydrates 20 5. Define an essential amino acid. An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be take in from the envi- ronment through alternative sources (i.e) food. 6. What are the two major types of nu- cleic acids and their roles? 7. There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is re- sponsible for the inheritable char- acteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins. 2 / 32 BIOD 171 Final Exam Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary pair: 3' GGTCATCG 5' 5' CC AGC 3' 8. The plasma membrane (select all that are true): A. Only restricts movement of mate- rials into the cell B. Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids C. Cannot prevent essential nutri- ents from escaping D. Contains hydrophobic tails point- ing inward 9. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms come together to form what primary macromolecule? Give an ex- ample. 10. True or False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. 11. True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Ar- chaea. 12. True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, is capable of surviving harsh environments. 3' GGTCATCG 5' 5' CCAGTAGC 3' There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C. B. Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids D. Contains hydrophobic tails point- ing