Bio 210 Chapter 6 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 210
Institution
BIO 210
4 components of skeletal system bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
Bones are organs composed of nerve and vascular tissue
Functions of bones support (form the framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs), protection (provide a protective case for the brain, spinal cord, and vital o...
Bio 210 Chapter 6 Review Questions and Correct Answers 4 components of skeletal system ✅bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments Bones are ✅organs composed of nerve and vascular tissue Functions of bones ✅support (form the framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs), protection (provide a protective case for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs), movement (provide levers for muscles), storage (reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell production (hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones) Chondroblasts ✅produce cartilage and become chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are located in lacunae surrounded by the matrix. The matrix contains collagen fibers (for strength) and proteoglycans (trap water). Cartilage grows by appositional and interstitial growth. The pericho ndrium surrounds cartilage; the outer layer contains fibroblasts; the inner layer contains chondroblasts Perichondrium ✅double layer connective tissue sheath that surrounds cartilage Bone matrix ✅about 35% organic (collagen for flexible strength and proteoglycans) and 65% inorganic material [hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystal) provides weight -bearing strength] Bone matrix w/o mineral ✅flexible Bone matrix w/o collagen ✅hard but brittle Osteoblasts ✅produce bone matrix and become osteocytes. Osteoblasts connect to one another through cell processes and surround themselves with bone matrix to become osteocytes. Osteoblasts originate from osteochondral progenitor cells (cartilage/bone stem cells). They are attachment depended cells. Osteocytes ✅formed from osteoblasts. They are located in lacunae and are connected to one another through canaliculi. Also, they are attachment dependent cells. Osteoclasts ✅break down bone. They originate from stem cells in red bone marrow. Ossification = osteogenesis ✅how we make bone. Osteochondral progenitor cells create osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are on a preexisting surface, such as cartilage or bone.
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