BIO 210- Chapter 1-4 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 210
Institution
BIO 210
Mitosis production of two cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as parent (2n)
Cytoplasm filling in the cell that holds all of the organelles in place
Meiosis production of gametes, which contain half the number of chromosomes (n) as parent
Endoplasmic Reticulum organelle that compartm...
BIO 210 - Chapter 1 -4 Review Questions and Correct Answers Mitosis ✅production of two cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as parent (2n) Cytoplasm ✅filling in the cell that holds all of the organelles in place Meiosis ✅production of gametes, which contain half the number of chromosomes (n) as parent Endoplasmic Reticulum ✅organelle that compartmentalizes the cytoplasm, increasing the surface area available for biochemical synthesis. • smooth ER - site of lipid synthesis • rough ER - studded with ribosomes (serve as sites where genetic information in mRNA is translated into proteins) - site of protein synthesis Gametes ✅a specialized reproductive cell with a haploid number of chromosomes Mitochondria ✅site of cellular respiration Plasma Membrane ✅semipermeable plasma membrane • defines the cell boundary • very important in identification • protects the interior of the cell • actively controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell • delimits cell from the environment Chloroplasts ✅site of photosynthesis Cell Wall ✅hard enclosure around a plant cell and prokaryotes Endosymbiotic Hypothesis ✅mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive free living organisms (prokaryotic) that established a symbiotic relationship with a primitive eukaryotic cell Glycocalyx ✅covering/cell coat that defines the biochemical identity of each cell Centrioles ✅• Are microtubules • Anchors because of the cytoskeletal features • organize spindle fibers for movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis Spindle Fibers ✅attach to chromosomes in metaphase Eukaryote ✅has double stranded, linear DNA with membrane bound organelles Centromere ✅constriction that establishes the general appearance (non coding region of the chromosome Prokryote ✅double stranded, circular DNA; lack membrane bound organelles; few m -
tronic regions since most of their DNA is coding; have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan Metacentric ✅a chromosome that has a centrally located centromere and equal p and q arm lengths Nucleus ✅contains DNA Submetacentric ✅a chromosome with a centromere position that is below middle that makes one arm longer than the other Chromatin ✅uncoiled chromosomes that form a diffuse network within the nucleus Acrocentric ✅chromosome with the centromere placed very near to one end Chromosomes ✅a DNA complex that contains genetic information and is visible during mitosis and meiosis Telocentric ✅a chromosome where the centromere is located at the very end (the telomere) Nucleolus ✅the nuclear site of ribosome biosynthesis and assembly p and q arms ✅centromere also divides the chromosome into two arms, one short and the other long Nucleolus Organizer Region ✅a chromosomal region containing the genes for rRNA Homologous Chromosomes ✅a set of chromosomes that share the same gene sites, size, and centromere position but may have different nucleotide structures Diploid ✅having two of each chromosome Sex-determining Chromosome ✅X or Y in humans Haploid ✅having one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes; found in gametes
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