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NP235 ABG EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NP235 ABG EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NP235 ABG EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
ABG Interpretation - Answer -•The level of the CO2 is controlled by breathing so any
abnormal values in carbon dioxide levels are considered to be a respiratory problem
•The level of HCO3 in the blood is controlled by the renal system so any abnormal
values in the Bicarbonate levels are considered to be a metabolic problem
pH - Answer -•The relative concentration of hydrogen in arterial blood
❖The chief component of acid-base balance
❖Normal Range is 7.35-7.45
(Acidosis) 7.35 7.40 7.45 (Alkalosis)
PaCO2 - Answer -•Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
CO2 functions as acid reserve⮚
Normal range is 35- 45 mmHg⮚
CO2 levels typically stimulate respiration⮚
pCO2 (Alkalosis) 35 40 45 (acidosis)⮚
Bicarbonate (HCO3) - Answer -•Indicator for the base reserve
•Reflects the kidneys and/ or metabolic function
•HCO3 (Acidosis) 22 24 26 (Alkalosis)
PaO2 - Answer -•Partial pressure of oxygen
▪Does not play an active role in acid/base balance
▪Normal for adults < 60 years is 80-100mmHg
▪After the age of 60, normal PaO2 levels are slightly lower due to decreasing lung
compliance
Normal 80-100mmHg
Mild 60-80mmHg
Moderate 40-60mmHg
Severe <40mmHg
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Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) - Answer -•Percent of hemoglobin which is bound to oxygen
•Normal is 94-100%
Normal Values - Answer -Low End. High End
•pH (< acidic) 7.35. 7.45 (>alkalotic)
•pCO2 (<alkalotic)35 45 (>acidic)
•pO2 80mmHg 100 mmHg
•HCO3 (< acidic) 22 26 (>alkalotic)
Is is Metabolic or Respiratory? - Answer -•For Metabolic disorders remember the Ph
changes in the same direction as the HC03
•For Respiratory disorders remember the Ph changes in the opposite direction as the
Co2.
Metabolic Acidosis: Serum pH/Serum HC03 decreased ; the PaCo2 decreases to
compensate.
Metabolic Alkalosis: Serum pH/Serum HC03 increased ; the PaCo2 increases to
compensate.
Respiratory Acidosis: Serum pH decreased / PaCo2 increased ; the HC03 increases to
compensate
Respiratory Alkalosis: Serum pH increased / PaCo2 decreased ; HC03 decreases to
compensate.
Hypoxemia: - Answer -•Low oxygen content in arterial blood (seen on the ABGs)
Hypoxia: - Answer -•Inadequate oxygen at the tissue or cellular level (clinical
judgement)
•Clinical signs/symptoms:
-Tachycardia
-Cyanosis
-Hyperventilation
-Restlessness, uncoordinated activities
-hypertension
Hypercarbia> Increase Co2 - Answer -Clinical signs/symptoms:
▪Lethargy, confusion, progressing coma
▪Depression of reflexes, tremors
▪Reversal of sleep pattern, headaches
▪Full bounding pulses with a warm periphery
Respiratory Acidosis - Answer -CausesPowered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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