lOMoARcPSD|22014731
AAOS Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured, 12th edition
Abandonment - correct answers Unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient.
abdomen - correct answers The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) - correct answers A rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge.
abdominal-thrust maneuver - correct answers The preferred method to dislodge a severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich maneuver.
Abduction - correct answers Motion of a limb away from the midline.
Abrasion - correct answers Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.
abruptio placentae - correct answers premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
absorption - correct answers the process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
access - correct answers Gaining entry to an enclosed area and reaching a patient.
accessory muscles - correct answers The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles.
Acetabulum - correct answers The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.
Acidosis - correct answers the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness
acromioclavicular joint (AC) - correct answers A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder.
action - correct answers The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.
active compression-decompression CPR - correct answers A technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression); may increase the amount of blood that returns to the heart, and thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the compression phase.
active shooter event - correct answers An act of terror in which firearms are used in an ongoing assault of multiple people.
activities of daily living - correct answers The basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and bathing.
acute abdomen - correct answers A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary. lOMoARcPSD|22014731
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - correct answers A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.
acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - correct answers A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."
acute stress reactions - correct answers reaction to stress that occurs during a traumatic situation
addiction - correct answers A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a substance.
Adduction - correct answers Movement toward the midline of the body
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - correct answers The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy.
adolescent - correct answers a young person age 12 to 18 years
adrenal glands - correct answers Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Adrenergic - correct answers Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline (such as adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response). The term also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.
Advance EMT (AEMT) - correct answers An Individual who has training in specific aspects of advance life support, such as intravenous therapy, and administration of certain emergency medications.
advance directive - correct answers Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should
the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will or health care directive.
Advance Life Support (ALS) - correct answers Advanced lifesaving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT.
adventitious breath sounds - correct answers Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
Adverse effects - correct answers Any unwanted clinical results of a medication
aerobic metabolism - correct answers Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.
aerosol-generating procedure - correct answers Any airway manipulation that induces the production of aerosols that may present a risk for airborne transmission of pathogens, such as CPR.
Afterload - correct answers The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
aging - correct answers the process by which the temporary bond between an organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in a permanent covalent bond
agonal gasps - correct answers abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest
Agonist - correct answers A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.
air ambulances - correct answers Fixed-wing and rotary-wing (known as helicopters) aircrafts that have been modified for medical care; used to evacuate and transport patients with life-threatening injuries to treatment facilities.
airborne transmission - correct answers The spread of an organism via droplets or dust
air embolism - correct answers The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart. lOMoARcPSD|22014731
airway - correct answers The upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth, and throat.
Algor Mortis - correct answers cooling of the body after death until it matches the ambient temperature
Alkalosis - correct answers The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.
allergen - correct answers a substance that causes an allergic reaction
allergic reaction - correct answers The body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent.
alpha-adrenergic receptors - correct answers Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.
alpha radiation - correct answers a type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiologic source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel more than a few inches or penetrate most objects
altered mental status - correct answers A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body.
alveolar ventilation - correct answers The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume.
Alveoli - correct answers tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
ambient temperature - correct answers The temperature of the surrounding environment.
ambulance - correct answers A specialized vehicle for treating and transporting sick and injured patients.
American standard safety system - correct answers A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - correct answers Comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination.
amniotic sac - correct answers The fluid-filled, baglike membrane in which the fetus develops.
amputation - correct answers An injury in which part of the body is completely severed.
anaerobic metabolism - correct answers The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.
anaphylactic shock - correct answers Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis - correct answers An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
anatomic position - correct answers The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with
the palms of the hands forward.
anatomy - correct answers the study of the physical structure of the body and its components
anemic - correct answers Describes a condition in which the patient has too few red blood cells, resulting in a decreased ability to transport oxygen throughout the body via the bloodstream.
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