German Grammar notes for Foreign/Second Language Learners
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Course
German
Institution
These notes can be helpful for IGCSE, DSD1, and AS, like they did for me! I am a native English-speaker and these notes that I made for these three German courses all helped me achieve top grades. They are very easy to follow as they are clearly colour-coded. The notes contain adjective endings, ve...
● Nominative - active (do-er)
● Accusative - passive (sufferer)
SUBJECT VS. OBJECT OF A SENTENCE
✅
THE DOG IS ALWAYS THE SUBJECT/ALWAYS THE BITER
Active voice
Der Hund beißt den Mann. = The dog is biting the man
● Der Hund - nominative, subject of sentence
✅
● Den Mann - accusative, object of sentence
Passive voice
Den Mann beißt der Hund. = The dog is biting the man
● Der Hund - nominative, subject of sentence
● Den Mann - accusative, object of sentence
❌ Den Hund beißt der Mann. = The man is biting the dog. (does not make sense)
ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
1. Look for verb
2. Look for the subject - nominative (the do-er)
3. Look for object - accusative (direct object)/dative (indirect object)/ genitive (possessive)
a. **Look for the indirect object - dative
b. **Look for the possessive ‘object’ - genitive
Der ____ Mann schenkt der ____ Schwester seines Freundes einen ____ Ring zum Geburtstag und sie trinken
zusammen _______ Orangensaft.
The man gifted a ring to the sister of his friend and they drank orange juice together.
Der Sohn des Nachbarns schenkt der Schwester seines Freundes einen Ring seiner Großmutter.
The neighbour’s son gifted his friend’s sister his grandmother’s ring.
Genitive rules
For der, das:
- If one syllable: add -es
- If two+ syllables: add -s
- E.g Seines Vaters, seines Freundes
, Dative rules
- Giving something TO someone
- Hilft mir - give help TO ME
- Helfen, schenken, geben, antworten, schmecken, gefallen (gefällt mir), gehören,
- Doing something FOR someone
- Kannst du mir ein paar Kaugummi kaufen
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