NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 2 WITH 200+ QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTRY ANALYZED ANSWERS (ACTUAL EXAM) ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST 2024 Hypomagnesemia causes - ANSWERS -- malnutrition - diarrhea - Crohn's disease - ethanol ingestion - diuretics Hypocalcemia causes - ANSWERS -- inadequate oral intake of calcium and Vitamin D - kidney failure - malabsorption syndrome (Chrohn's disease) - lactose intolerance - ESKD Hypocalcemia treatment - ANSWERS -- oral or IV calcium supplements - seizure precau tions - Vitamin D to help with the absorption of calcium from the GI tract Hypocalcemia s/s - ANSWERS -- serum level below 9 - painful muscle spasms in calf/foot during rest or sleep - positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs - parethesias, tingling, numbness - WEAK THREADY HEART RATE that may be slower or faster than normal Hypercalcemia s/s - ANSWERS -- serum level higher than 10.5 - severe muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes - confusion - lethargy - INCREASED HR & BP - severe pro longed - electrical conduction depression - cyanosis, pallor - blood clots Hypercalcemia causes - ANSWERS -- excessive oral intake of calcium and Vitamin D - kidney failure - use of thiazide diuretics Hypercalcemia treatment - ANSWERS -- D/C thiazide diu retics and replace with diuretics that enhance excretion of calcium (lasix/furosemide) - administer IV fluids (0.9% NS) - sodium increases kidney excretion of calcium Hypokalemia s/s - ANSWERS -- serum level less than 3.5 - THREADY, WEAK, IRREGULAR PULSE - orthostatic hypotension - lethargy - skeletal muscle weakness - CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS Hypokalemia causes - ANSWERS -- Excessive use of diuretics, digitalis, corticosteroids - diarrhea & vomiting - kidney disease - wound drainage - prolonged gastric suctioning Hypokalemia treatment - ANSWERS -- increase serum potassium levels - oral of IV potassium - NEVER GIVE VIA IV PUSH - hold diuretics - fall prevention - use potassium -sparing diuretics if NEEDED
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