1 | P a g e NUR280/ NUR 280 EXAM 2 LATES T 2024 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT GALEN COLLEG E What do we hear when blood does not flow correctly through the artery? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>bruit What causes a bruit? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Endothelial Injury (inflammation, atherosclerosis) Arterial stenosis (narrowing of artery) What are our clients at risk for with sluggish, stagnant, or turbulent blood flow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>thrombus formation What are our endothelial lining destroyer s? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Lipids Lipoproteins Glucose 2 | P a g e Free Radicals Nicotine Homocysteine hyperlipidemia and hypertension lead to - CORRECT ANSWER >>>atherosclerosis (plaque build up) Extrinsic Pathway of Coagulation - CORRECT ANSWER >>>When tissue is cut (skin, mucous membranes, vessels) Activation of Factor 7 Contacts tissue factor to form TF -Factor 7 Leading to Factor 10 Measured by lab tests: PT and INR review recording Intrinsic Pathway of Coagulation - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Injury to a vessel (ex. AFIB) Activation of Factor 12 Eventually activates Factor 10 Measured by lab test: aPTT Fibrinolysis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>dissolution of a clot alteplase (rtPA) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a drug used to therapeutically break down clots 3 | P a g e Arteries - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- carry blood away from the heart 6 P's: Pain Paraesthesia Pulseless Pallor Cool Paralysis - bigger than veins - high pressure - thick muscle - distribute oxygen, nutrients, hormones Veins - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- blood back to the heart - stretches more than arteries - thin-walled - rely on skeletal muscle - superficial vs deep - no pulse - hold most of the blood in the body - elevate edema Endothelial Lining Destroyers - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- trama - smoking - physical inactivity 4 | P a g e - diabet es - extrinsic and intrinsic pathway - free radicals - homocysteine (vitamin 12 deficiency making it acidic) Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- high blood pressure - silent killer - causes strain on the heart - greater than 130/80 - raises the rate - high risk: smokers, alcoholics, African Americans, obesity - primary and secondary - 2 or more BP readings of systolic greater than 130 and diastolic greater than 80 - shearing force - diagnosis: 2 BP, chest/retina exam, bruits, CMP, BMP and blood glucose, EKG, peripheral artery of lower extremities - teaching: lifestyle modifications, diet lower salt, stop smoking, lose weight, increase physical activity - medications: arb, ace inhibi tors, diuretics Hyperlipidemia - CORRECT ANSWER >>>- too much LDL, not enough HDL - high cholesterol - increases the risk of blockages - treatment: lifestyle changes/meds/exercise - diagnosed with LCF
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